{"level":"A2","total":30,"blocks":["Presente y primer pasado","Contar lo que pasó","Orden, propósito y planes","Comparar y cantidades","Matices y obligaciones","Pedir, poseer y presente perfecto"],"sessions":[{"n":1,"type":"lesson","block":"Presente y primer pasado","listening":[{"statement":"Amy is waiting at the station.","answer":true,"why":"Amy espera en la estación."},{"statement":"Dean is already on the platform.","answer":false,"why":"Dean todavía va por la calle, con prisa."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/running-late-a2/","title":"Running Late","minutes":3,"words":167,"audio":"/assets/audio/running-late-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"breathing hard","meaning":"respirando con dificultad","sentence":"He is breathing hard, and his umbrella is breaking."},{"term":"crossing","meaning":"cruzando","sentence":"I’m crossing the street now.”"},{"term":"hurry up","meaning":"date prisa","sentence":"Hurry up!"},{"term":"platform","meaning":"andén","sentence":"Now Amy is standing on the platform."},{"term":"ticket","meaning":"billete","sentence":"Amy is smiling when she gives him a ticket."},{"term":"umbrella","meaning":"paraguas","sentence":"I’m opening my umbrella,”"}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"presente-continuo","title":"Is working: una acción en curso","key":"Presente continuo = am / is / are + verbo en -ing: una acción que está pasando ahora.","rule":["Necesita dos piezas: una forma de be y el verbo con -ing. No se puede omitir be: She is writing, no «She writing».","Ortografía: write → writing (quita la -e) y run → running (duplica la consonante).","Señales de tiempo: now, right now, at the moment, Look!"],"form":"Sujeto + am / is / are + verbo en -ing","mistake":{"wrong":"She writing an email.","correct":"She is writing an email."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/presente-continuo/","questions":[{"prompt":"Look! He ___ across the park.","answer":"is running","alternatives":["running","are running"],"explanation":"He necesita is antes de running."},{"prompt":"We ___ dinner right now.","answer":"are cooking","alternatives":["is cooking","cooking"],"explanation":"Con we usamos are + cooking."}]}]},{"n":2,"type":"lesson","block":"Presente y primer pasado","listening":[{"statement":"Elena usually works at home.","answer":false,"why":"Normalmente trabaja en una oficina cerca del río."},{"statement":"Elena is working in a café today.","answer":true,"why":"Hoy trabaja desde una cafetería."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-different-monday-a2/","title":"A Different Monday","minutes":3,"words":199,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-different-monday-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"change","meaning":"cambio","sentence":"I like this change,”"},{"term":"colleague","meaning":"colega","sentence":"her colleague Mitch asks on the phone."},{"term":"electricity","meaning":"electricidad","sentence":"There is no electricity there today,”"},{"term":"office","meaning":"oficina","sentence":"Elena usually works in a big office near the river."},{"term":"toast","meaning":"tostada","sentence":"A waiter is bringing a plate of toast."},{"term":"usually","meaning":"normalmente; por lo general","sentence":"Elena usually works in a big office near the river."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"presente-simple-o-continuo","title":"I work o I’m working: hábito y acción actual","key":"Presente simple para lo que haces habitualmente; presente continuo para lo que ocurre ahora.","rule":["Simple = rutinas y hechos: I play every week. Señales: every day, usually, on Mondays.","Continuo = ahora o en este periodo: I am playing now. Señales: now, today, Look!","Pregúntate: ¿es una costumbre o está pasando mientras hablo?","Los verbos de estado (know, like, want) casi siempre van en simple: I know, no «I am knowing»."],"form":"Rutina: I play. · Ahora: I am playing.","mistake":{"wrong":"Look! He plays with the dog.","correct":"Look! He is playing with the dog."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/presente-simple-o-continuo/","questions":[{"prompt":"Every Monday, we ___ at the library. [describe el hábito con presente simple]","answer":"study","alternatives":["are studying","studied"],"explanation":"Para el hábito en presente simple usamos study. Are studying es continuo y studied es pasado."},{"prompt":"Please be quiet. She ___ right now. [usa presente continuo]","answer":"is sleeping","alternatives":["sleeps","slept"],"explanation":"La acción en curso se expresa con is sleeping. Sleeps es simple y slept es pasado."}]}]},{"n":3,"type":"lesson","block":"Presente y primer pasado","listening":[{"statement":"Hugo has a ticket for Brighton.","answer":true,"why":"Su billete es para Brighton."},{"statement":"The train on platform four goes to Brighton.","answer":false,"why":"Ese tren va a Birmingham; el de Brighton sale de la vía cinco."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-train-ticket-a2/","title":"The Train Ticket","minutes":3,"words":186,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-train-ticket-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"coach","meaning":"vagón","sentence":"This time he read every detail: Brighton, coach 6, seat 42, platform five."},{"term":"platform","meaning":"andén / vía","sentence":"A train at 10:15 appeared on platform four, so Hugo followed the crowd."},{"term":"ticket","meaning":"billete","sentence":"He looked quickly at his ticket and focused only on the time: 10:15."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"was-were","title":"Was y were: be en pasado","key":"El pasado de be es was (I, he, she, it) y were (you, we, they).","rule":["was va con I, he, she, it: I was at home.","were va con you, we, they: They were tired.","Negativa: wasn’t y weren’t. Pregunta: Was she tired?","No usamos did con was ni were."],"form":"I / he / she / it was · you / we / they were","mistake":{"wrong":"They was late.","correct":"They were late."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/was-were/","questions":[{"prompt":"Yesterday she ___ at the office.","answer":"was","alternatives":["were","did be"],"explanation":"She lleva was."},{"prompt":"We ___ very tired last night.","answer":"were","alternatives":["was","did were"],"explanation":"We lleva were."}]}]},{"n":4,"type":"lesson","block":"Presente y primer pasado","listening":[{"statement":"It rained all evening.","answer":false,"why":"Por la tarde llovió, pero por la noche paró la lluvia."},{"statement":"There were three boats in front of the hotel.","answer":true,"why":"Delante del hotel había tres barcas."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-weekend-at-the-lake-a2/","title":"A Weekend at the Lake","minutes":3,"words":178,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-weekend-at-the-lake-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"calm","meaning":"tranquilo; en calma","sentence":"The water was calm, so they stayed out for two hours."},{"term":"postcard","meaning":"postal","sentence":"Before they went back, Rosa bought a postcard to send to their grandmother."},{"term":"rowed","meaning":"remó","sentence":"He rowed slowly across the lake while Rosa took photos."},{"term":"terrace","meaning":"terraza","sentence":"They sat on the terrace and watched the stars."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"there-was-were","title":"There was y there were: lo que había","key":"There was (uno o algo no contable) y there were (varios) son el pasado de there is y there are: «había».","rule":["There was a boat. · There was some water.","There were three boats.","Negativa: There wasn’t a hotel. · There weren’t any cars. También: There was no noise.","Pregunta: Was there a café? · Were there any boats?"],"form":"There was + singular / no contable · There were + plural","mistake":{"wrong":"There was three boats.","correct":"There were three boats."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/there-was-were/","questions":[{"prompt":"___ a café here last year.","answer":"There was","alternatives":["There were","There is"],"explanation":"A café es singular y el momento es pasado: there was."},{"prompt":"There ___ no cars on the road.","answer":"were","alternatives":["was","are"],"explanation":"No cars es plural y es pasado: there were."}]}]},{"n":5,"type":"lesson","block":"Presente y primer pasado","listening":[{"statement":"Jay checked the cable.","answer":true,"why":"Jay desenchufó la lámpara y revisó el cable."},{"statement":"Mandy bought a new lamp.","answer":false,"why":"Quería comprar una nueva, pero probó antes el café de reparaciones."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-repair-cafe-a2/","title":"The Repair Café","minutes":3,"words":176,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-repair-cafe-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"donation","meaning":"donación","sentence":""},{"term":"loose connection","meaning":"conexión floja","sentence":""},{"term":"replacement","meaning":"recambio","sentence":""},{"term":"switch","meaning":"interruptor","sentence":"The problem was a loose part inside the switch."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"pasado-regular","title":"Worked, checked: el pasado con -ed","key":"Los verbos regulares forman el pasado con -ed: work → worked. Es igual para todos los sujetos.","rule":["Lo normal es añadir -ed: check → checked, visit → visited.","Si acaba en -e, solo añadimos -d: live → lived.","Consonante + y cambia a -ied: study → studied. Algunos duplican la consonante: stop → stopped.","Se usa para acciones terminadas: yesterday, last night, this morning."],"form":"Sujeto + verbo + -ed + información","mistake":{"wrong":"He work yesterday.","correct":"He worked yesterday."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/pasado-regular/","questions":[{"prompt":"Yesterday I ___ the timetable. [check]","answer":"checked","alternatives":["check","checks"],"explanation":"Check es regular: checked."},{"prompt":"Last year she ___ in London. [live]","answer":"lived","alternatives":["liveed","lives"],"explanation":"Live ya termina en -e: añadimos solo -d."}]}]},{"n":6,"type":"lesson","block":"Contar lo que pasó","listening":[{"statement":"The hairdresser was open when Lena arrived.","answer":false,"why":"La puerta estaba cerrada y no había nadie."},{"statement":"Lena arrived at the hairdresser’s an hour early.","answer":true,"why":"Llegó a las nueve y media y la cita era a las diez y media."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-early-appointment-a2/","title":"An Hour Too Early","minutes":4,"words":215,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-early-appointment-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"appointment","meaning":"cita","sentence":"She made an appointment for Saturday at ten thirty."},{"term":"mirror","meaning":"espejo","sentence":"At ten thirty, the man invited Lena to sit in front of the mirror."},{"term":"nervous","meaning":"nerviosa","sentence":"She felt a little nervous, but she was ready for a change."},{"term":"next door","meaning":"al lado","sentence":"There was a café next door, so she went inside and ordered a tea."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"pasado-irregular","title":"Went, saw, took: pasados irregulares","key":"Algunos verbos muy comunes no usan -ed: tienen una forma propia en pasado, como go → went.","rule":["Hay que aprenderlos de memoria: go → went, see → saw, take → took, buy → bought.","La forma es la misma para todos los sujetos: I went, she went, they went.","Aprende cada verbo dentro de una frase: We went to the market."],"form":"go → went · see → saw · take → took","mistake":{"wrong":"She goed home.","correct":"She went home."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/pasado-irregular/","questions":[{"prompt":"Yesterday we ___ to the park. [go]","answer":"went","alternatives":["goed","goes"],"explanation":"El pasado de go es went."},{"prompt":"Last night I ___ a fox. [see]","answer":"saw","alternatives":["seed","see"],"explanation":"El pasado de see es saw."}]}]},{"n":7,"type":"lesson","block":"Contar lo que pasó","listening":[{"statement":"Perry did not have any children.","answer":true,"why":"Por eso el primer mensaje le sorprende."},{"statement":"Alice knew Perry before the message.","answer":false,"why":"Se había equivocado de número."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-wrong-number-a2/","title":"The Wrong Number","minutes":4,"words":210,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-wrong-number-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"buzzed","meaning":"vibró","sentence":"Perry was cooking dinner on Friday when his phone buzzed."},{"term":"embarrassed","meaning":"avergonzado","sentence":""},{"term":"ingredient","meaning":"ingrediente","sentence":""},{"term":"neighbour","meaning":"vecino","sentence":"They did not talk about anything important: music, burnt toast, the neighbour’s noisy parrot."},{"term":"parrot","meaning":"loro","sentence":"They did not talk about anything important: music, burnt toast, the neighbour’s noisy parrot."},{"term":"recipe","meaning":"receta","sentence":""}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"pasado-negativo","title":"Didn’t: negar una acción pasada","key":"Para negar en pasado usamos didn’t + verbo base: She didn’t go.","rule":["did ya lleva la marca de pasado, así que el verbo vuelve a su forma base: didn’t see, no «didn’t saw».","Sirve igual con verbos regulares e irregulares: didn’t work, didn’t go.","did not = didn’t. Con be se usa wasn’t / weren’t."],"form":"Sujeto + didn’t + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"She didn’t went home.","correct":"She didn’t go home."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/pasado-negativo/","questions":[{"prompt":"He didn’t ___ the message.","answer":"read","alternatives":["reads","reading"],"explanation":"Después de didn’t necesitamos el verbo base read."},{"prompt":"We ___ to the market yesterday. [negativa]","answer":"didn’t go","alternatives":["didn’t went","don’t went"],"explanation":"Didn’t marca el pasado y go queda en forma base."}]}]},{"n":8,"type":"lesson","block":"Contar lo que pasó","listening":[{"statement":"Lila came home before Mum.","answer":false,"why":"Lila dice que no: mamá llegó primero."},{"statement":"Ben saw the cake, but he did not touch it.","answer":true,"why":"Ben dice que vio la tarta, pero que no la tocó."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/who-ate-the-cake-a2/","title":"Who Ate the Cake?","minutes":3,"words":200,"audio":"/assets/audio/who-ate-the-cake-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"detective","meaning":"detective","sentence":"Dad wrote everything on a small paper like a detective."},{"term":"floor","meaning":"suelo","sentence":"There was only an empty plate and a little chocolate on the floor."},{"term":"fridge","meaning":"nevera; frigorífico","sentence":"When Dad came home on Friday, the chocolate cake was not in the fridge."},{"term":"nose","meaning":"nariz; hocico","sentence":"Rocky, the family dog, was sleeping there, and his nose was brown with chocolate."},{"term":"plate","meaning":"plato","sentence":"There was only an empty plate and a little chocolate on the floor."},{"term":"wagged","meaning":"movió (la cola)","sentence":"He just wagged his tail, and everybody laughed."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"preguntas-pasado","title":"Did you…? Preguntar por el pasado","key":"Para preguntar por el pasado ponemos Did antes del sujeto y dejamos el verbo en forma base.","rule":["Did sirve para todos los sujetos: Did you…?, Did she…?, Did they…?","El verbo principal queda en forma base: Did you check…?, no «Did you checked…?».","Respuesta corta: Yes, I did. · No, I didn’t.","Con una palabra interrogativa: Where did they go?. Con be se usa otro patrón: Was she there?"],"form":"Did + sujeto + verbo base?","mistake":{"wrong":"Did you checked the times?","correct":"Did you check the times?"},"path":"/gramatica/a2/preguntas-pasado/","questions":[{"prompt":"___ you visit Leo yesterday?","answer":"Did","alternatives":["Do","Were"],"explanation":"Para una acción pasada con visit usamos did."},{"prompt":"Where did she ___ last night?","answer":"go","alternatives":["went","goes"],"explanation":"Después de did usamos go, no went."}]}]},{"n":9,"type":"lesson","block":"Contar lo que pasó","listening":[{"statement":"Iris recovered most of her homework.","answer":true,"why":"Casi todo estaba en la copia automática."},{"statement":"Iris lost all her homework.","answer":false,"why":"Solo faltaba la última frase."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-broken-laptop-a2/","title":"The Broken Laptop","minutes":3,"words":161,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-broken-laptop-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"automatic copy","meaning":"copia automática","sentence":"Almost all her work was in the automatic copy."},{"term":"charger","meaning":"cargador","sentence":"Then she looked at the charger."},{"term":"document","meaning":"documento","sentence":"A message appeared: “Recovered document available.”"},{"term":"laptop","meaning":"portátil","sentence":"Iris was finishing her English homework when the laptop screen suddenly went black."},{"term":"screen","meaning":"pantalla","sentence":"Iris was finishing her English homework when the laptop screen suddenly went black."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"pasado-continuo","title":"Was working: una acción en curso en el pasado","key":"Pasado continuo = was / were + -ing: una acción que estaba en curso en un momento del pasado.","rule":["was va con I, he, she, it; were va con you, we, they.","Describe el fondo de una escena: At eight, I was cooking.","No dice cuándo empezó ni cuándo terminó la acción."],"form":"Sujeto + was / were + verbo en -ing","mistake":{"wrong":"They was waiting.","correct":"They were waiting."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/pasado-continuo/","questions":[{"prompt":"At ten yesterday, she ___ a report.","answer":"was writing","alternatives":["were writing","writing"],"explanation":"She lleva was + writing."},{"prompt":"We ___ dinner at seven yesterday.","answer":"were cooking","alternatives":["was cooking","were cook"],"explanation":"Con we usamos were y el verbo en -ing."}]}]},{"n":10,"type":"lesson","block":"Contar lo que pasó","listening":[{"statement":"The box was for Emma.","answer":false,"why":"La etiqueta decía «Mr Payne, flat 3B»."},{"statement":"Emma was making tea when she heard the driver.","answer":true,"why":"Estaba preparando té cuando oyó al repartidor."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-new-neighbor-a2/","title":"A Box at the Door","minutes":3,"words":195,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-new-neighbor-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"box","meaning":"caja","sentence":"A minute later, she opened her door and found a brown box on the floor."},{"term":"delivery","meaning":"entrega / reparto","sentence":"Emma was making tea when she heard a delivery driver in the hall."},{"term":"flat","meaning":"piso / apartamento","sentence":"The label said “Mr Payne, flat 3B.”"},{"term":"label","meaning":"etiqueta","sentence":"The label said “Mr Payne, flat 3B.”"},{"term":"relieved","meaning":"aliviado/a","sentence":"Mr Payne looked relieved."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"pasado-continuo-y-simple","title":"I was reading when…: el fondo y el suceso","key":"El pasado continuo describe el fondo; el pasado simple cuenta lo que ocurrió en ese momento.","rule":["I was reading when the phone rang: leer estaba en curso, sonar es el suceso.","when («cuando») une las dos acciones. while («mientras») acompaña a la acción larga: while we were waiting.","La acción de fondo usa was / were + -ing; el suceso, pasado simple."],"form":"Fondo: was / were + -ing · Suceso: pasado simple","mistake":{"wrong":"I was read when he arrived.","correct":"I was reading when he arrived."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/pasado-continuo-y-simple/","questions":[{"prompt":"I ___ when the phone rang. [leer en ese momento]","answer":"was reading","alternatives":["were reading","was read"],"explanation":"I lleva was reading para la acción en curso."},{"prompt":"She was cooking when Leo ___. [llegar]","answer":"arrived","alternatives":["arrive","arrives"],"explanation":"La llegada es el suceso pasado: arrived."}]}]},{"n":11,"type":"lesson","block":"Orden, propósito y planes","listening":[{"statement":"Julia put a six and a two on the cake.","answer":true,"why":"Con las dos velas formó el número ocho."},{"statement":"Julia found the big number eight.","answer":false,"why":"La vela con el ocho no estaba en la caja."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-birthday-surprise-a2/","title":"Six Plus Two","minutes":3,"words":157,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-birthday-surprise-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"balloons","meaning":"globos","sentence":"Julia wanted Tom’s birthday surprise to be simple: a chocolate cake, blue balloons, and one big candle with the number eight."},{"term":"birthday","meaning":"cumpleaños","sentence":"Julia wanted Tom’s birthday surprise to be simple: a chocolate cake, blue balloons, and one big candle with the number eight."},{"term":"cake","meaning":"tarta / pastel","sentence":"Julia wanted Tom’s birthday surprise to be simple: a chocolate cake, blue balloons, and one big candle with the number eight."},{"term":"candle","meaning":"vela","sentence":"Julia wanted Tom’s birthday surprise to be simple: a chocolate cake, blue balloons, and one big candle with the number eight."},{"term":"missing","meaning":"que falta","sentence":"The big number eight was missing."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"when-before-after","title":"When, before, after: el orden de los hechos","key":"When, before y after introducen cuándo ocurre una acción respecto a otra.","rule":["when = cuando: When they arrived, they left their bags.","before = antes de que: Before they went back, Rosa bought a postcard.","after = después de que: After the rain, the sun came out.","Si esa parte va al principio, lleva coma; si va al final, no: They left their bags when they arrived."],"form":"When / Before / After + sujeto + verbo, sujeto + verbo · Sujeto + verbo + when / before / after + sujeto + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"When I arrived, I call you.","correct":"When I arrived, I called you."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/when-before-after/","questions":[{"prompt":"First I ate. Then I left. → ___ I left, I ate.","answer":"Before","alternatives":["After","Because"],"explanation":"Comí antes de salir: before introduce la acción que ocurre después."},{"prompt":"The film ended. Then we had dinner. → ___ the film ended, we had dinner.","answer":"After","alternatives":["Before","Because"],"explanation":"La película acabó primero: After introduce la acción que ocurre antes."}]}]},{"n":12,"type":"lesson","block":"Orden, propósito y planes","listening":[{"statement":"Rosa could hear Lucas from the start.","answer":false,"why":"Lucas la veía, pero ella no lo oía hasta subir el volumen."},{"statement":"A sticker covered the camera.","answer":true,"why":"Rosa encontró una pegatina sobre la cámara."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-video-call-with-grandma-a2/","title":"A Video Call with Grandma","minutes":4,"words":228,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-video-call-with-grandma-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"icon","meaning":"icono","sentence":"Open the app with the green icon,”"},{"term":"phone","meaning":"teléfono","sentence":"He stayed on the phone while he called her tablet from his computer."},{"term":"rectangle","meaning":"rectángulo","sentence":"Lucas, however, saw only a black rectangle."},{"term":"volume","meaning":"volumen","sentence":"He was still talking to her on the phone, so he asked her to press the volume button on the side of the tablet."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"infinitivo-de-proposito","title":"To buy, to send: para qué hacemos algo","key":"Para decir para qué hacemos algo, usamos to + verbo base: walked to the village to buy food.","rule":["Responde a «¿para qué?»: Why did she go? → To buy bread.","Después de to el verbo no cambia: to buy, no «to buys» ni «to bought».","No usamos for delante de un verbo: decimos to buy, no «for buy».","Con un nombre sí se usa for: I went to the shop for bread."],"form":"Acción + to + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"She went to the shop for buy bread.","correct":"She went to the shop to buy bread."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/infinitivo-de-proposito/","questions":[{"prompt":"He called the hotel ___ a room.","answer":"to book","alternatives":["for book","to books"],"explanation":"La finalidad se expresa con to + verbo base."},{"prompt":"We went to the park ___ the dog.","answer":"to walk","alternatives":["to walks","walked"],"explanation":"Después de to el verbo va en forma base: walk."}]}]},{"n":13,"type":"lesson","block":"Orden, propósito y planes","listening":[{"statement":"Tommy is tired after three weeks in Lisbon.","answer":true,"why":"Lleva tres semanas y está agotado."},{"statement":"Tommy plans to go back to Boston.","answer":false,"why":"Borra esa frase: Boston ya no es el único lugar al que llama hogar."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-new-life-in-lisbon-a2/","title":"A New Life in Lisbon","minutes":4,"words":204,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-new-life-in-lisbon-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"balcony","meaning":"balcón","sentence":"Next year, I’ll speak Portuguese at work, and I want to save enough money for a flat with a balcony.”"},{"term":"familiar","meaning":"conocido; familiar","sentence":"He was just listening, and the city sounded almost familiar."},{"term":"hills","meaning":"colinas","sentence":"The noisy trams, the hills and dinner at ten o’clock still felt strange."},{"term":"looked forward to","meaning":"esperaba con ilusión","sentence":""},{"term":"rattled","meaning":"traqueteó","sentence":""},{"term":"steep","meaning":"empinado","sentence":""}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"futuro-con-will","title":"Will: promesas y decisiones","key":"Will + verbo base sirve para prometer, ofrecer algo o decidir en el momento de hablar.","rule":["No cambia con el sujeto: I will, she will, they will. Después va el verbo base.","Forma corta: ’ll. Negativa: won’t (= will not).","También se usa para predecir: It will rain. Aquí practicamos sobre todo promesas y ofertas."],"form":"Sujeto + will + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"She will calls you.","correct":"She will call you."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/futuro-con-will/","questions":[{"prompt":"I promise I ___ you tomorrow.","answer":"will call","alternatives":["will calls","will to call"],"explanation":"Una promesa puede expresarse con will + call."},{"prompt":"These bags are heavy. I ___ you.","answer":"will help","alternatives":["will helps","will helping"],"explanation":"La oferta usa will seguido del verbo base help."}]}]},{"n":14,"type":"lesson","block":"Orden, propósito y planes","listening":[{"statement":"Maya can take the nine o’clock bus.","answer":false,"why":"No puede: trabaja hasta las nueve y media."},{"statement":"Maya and Leo take the ten o’clock bus.","answer":true,"why":"Maya trabaja hasta las nueve y media."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/plans-for-saturday-a2/","title":"Plans for Saturday","minutes":3,"words":189,"audio":"/assets/audio/plans-for-saturday-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"covered","meaning":"cubierto","sentence":"We will visit the covered market."},{"term":"forecast","meaning":"previsión","sentence":"Leo looks at the weather forecast."},{"term":"outdoor market","meaning":"mercado al aire libre","sentence":"They are going to visit the outdoor market on Saturday."},{"term":"set her alarm","meaning":"poner el despertador","sentence":"Now she only has to remember to set her alarm."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"going-to","title":"Going to: un plan que ya tienes","key":"Be going to + verbo base expresa un plan o una intención que ya tenías antes de hablar.","rule":["Elegimos am / is / are según el sujeto y después añadimos going to + verbo base.","Es un plan ya decidido: I am going to study tonight.","Con will decidimos en el momento; con going to el plan ya existe."],"form":"Sujeto + am / is / are + going to + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"They going to visit the market.","correct":"They are going to visit the market."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/going-to/","questions":[{"prompt":"We ___ visit the museum tomorrow. [plan previo]","answer":"are going to","alternatives":["is going to","going to"],"explanation":"We necesita are antes de going to."},{"prompt":"She is going to ___ a new book.","answer":"buy","alternatives":["buys","buying"],"explanation":"Después de going to usamos el verbo base buy."}]}]},{"n":15,"type":"lesson","block":"Orden, propósito y planes","listening":[{"statement":"The party is at Julia’s flat.","answer":true,"why":"Julia propone hacerlo en su piso."},{"statement":"They invite the whole class.","answer":false,"why":"Solo invitan a unos pocos amigos."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-surprise-for-nina-a2/","title":"A Surprise for Nina","minutes":4,"words":202,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-surprise-for-nina-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"favourite","meaning":"favorito","sentence":"She knows all of Nina’s favourite songs.”"},{"term":"organise","meaning":"organizar","sentence":"On Friday, Nina is going to be twenty-three, and her friends want to organise a surprise party."},{"term":"playlist","meaning":"lista de reproducción","sentence":"says Owen, “but I need a little time to make a playlist.”"},{"term":"surprise party","meaning":"fiesta sorpresa","sentence":"On Friday, Nina is going to be twenty-three, and her friends want to organise a surprise party."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"lets-sugerencias","title":"Let’s, shall we, why don’t we: proponer planes","key":"Para proponer algo, a otra persona y a ti mismo, usamos Let’s, Shall we o Why don’t we + verbo base.","rule":["Let’s + verbo base = «hagamos»: Let’s meet at six. Negativa: Let’s not wait.","Shall we + verbo base? = «¿hacemos…?»: Shall we invite everyone?","Why don’t we + verbo base? = «¿por qué no…?»: Why don’t we ask Nina’s sister?","Para responder: Good idea! · Yes, let’s. · Sorry, I can’t."],"form":"Let’s + verbo base · Shall we + verbo base? · Why don’t we + verbo base?","mistake":{"wrong":"Let’s to go home.","correct":"Let’s go home."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/lets-sugerencias/","questions":[{"prompt":"Let’s ___ the film tonight.","answer":"watch","alternatives":["to watch","watching"],"explanation":"Tras let’s va el verbo base: watch."},{"prompt":"Shall we ___ a taxi?","answer":"take","alternatives":["to take","taking"],"explanation":"Tras shall we también va el verbo base."}]}]},{"n":16,"type":"lesson","block":"Comparar y cantidades","listening":[{"statement":"Carla buys a new bike in the shop.","answer":false,"why":"La bici nueva costaba 400 euros y no podía pagarla."},{"statement":"Mr Dunn offers 110 euros if Carla repairs the pedal.","answer":true,"why":"Es el precio que acuerdan."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-second-hand-bike-a2/","title":"The Second-Hand Bike","minutes":4,"words":215,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-second-hand-bike-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"lock","meaning":"candado","sentence":"She still had to buy a lock and fix the pedal on Saturday, but the total cost was far lower than the new bike."},{"term":"loose","meaning":"flojo","sentence":"It was older and heavier than the bikes in the shop, and one pedal was loose."},{"term":"lower the price","meaning":"bajar el precio","sentence":"Could you lower the price to 100 euros?”"},{"term":"pedal","meaning":"pedal","sentence":"It was older and heavier than the bikes in the shop, and one pedal was loose."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"comparativos","title":"Bigger than: comparar dos cosas","key":"Comparativo: adjetivo corto + -er + than, o more + adjetivo largo + than.","rule":["Adjetivos cortos: -er: small → smaller, big → bigger.","Adjetivos largos: more: expensive → more expensive.","Hay irregulares: good → better, bad → worse.","than presenta el segundo elemento. Nunca se combinan las dos formas: «more smaller»."],"form":"Adjetivo en -er + than · more + adjetivo + than","mistake":{"wrong":"This bag is more smaller.","correct":"This bag is smaller."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/comparativos/","questions":[{"prompt":"This room is smaller ___ mine.","answer":"than","alternatives":["that","as"],"explanation":"Than introduce el segundo elemento de la comparación."},{"prompt":"This ticket is ___ than that one. [caro]","answer":"more expensive","alternatives":["expensiver","more expensiver"],"explanation":"Expensive forma el comparativo con more."}]}]},{"n":17,"type":"lesson","block":"Comparar y cantidades","listening":[{"statement":"Nora makes three columns: urgent, important and later.","answer":true,"why":"Así ordena sus tareas."},{"statement":"Nora answers every message first.","answer":false,"why":"Primero se centra en el informe."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-busy-monday-a2/","title":"A Busy Monday","minutes":3,"words":171,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-busy-monday-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"column","meaning":"columna","sentence":"The report went in the important column."},{"term":"email","meaning":"correo electrónico","sentence":"Nora opened her email on Monday morning and saw twenty-three unread messages."},{"term":"important","meaning":"importante","sentence":"She took a piece of paper and made three columns: urgent, important, and later."},{"term":"meeting","meaning":"reunión","sentence":"Before she finished reading the first one, a colleague sent a chat message about a meeting at ten."},{"term":"report","meaning":"informe","sentence":"Then she looked at her desk and saw the unfinished report that her manager needed before lunch."},{"term":"urgent","meaning":"urgente","sentence":"She took a piece of paper and made three columns: urgent, important, and later."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"superlativos","title":"The biggest: destacar dentro de un grupo","key":"Superlativo: the + adjetivo + -est, o the most + adjetivo largo. Señala el extremo de un grupo.","rule":["Adjetivos cortos: the smallest, the biggest.","Adjetivos largos: the most important, the most expensive.","Irregular: good → the best.","Con solo dos cosas usamos el comparativo; con tres o más, el superlativo."],"form":"the + adjetivo en -est · the most + adjetivo","mistake":{"wrong":"It is the most biggest room.","correct":"It is the biggest room."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/superlativos/","questions":[{"prompt":"This is ___ room in the house. [pequeño]","answer":"the smallest","alternatives":["the smaller than","the most smallest"],"explanation":"Dentro del grupo de habitaciones usamos the smallest."},{"prompt":"It is ___ task today. [importante]","answer":"the most important","alternatives":["the importantest","most more important"],"explanation":"Important forma el superlativo con the most."}]}]},{"n":18,"type":"lesson","block":"Comparar y cantidades","listening":[{"statement":"The seller has many oranges today.","answer":false,"why":"Dice que hoy no tiene muchas naranjas."},{"statement":"Lisa wants to make a fruit salad.","answer":true,"why":"Va al mercado para hacer una ensalada de frutas."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/at-the-fruit-stall-a2/","title":"Saturday at the Market","minutes":4,"words":212,"audio":"/assets/audio/at-the-fruit-stall-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"at the back","meaning":"al fondo","sentence":"Yes, there are some at the back,”"},{"term":"kilos","meaning":"kilos","sentence":"I’d like two kilos of apples.”"},{"term":"seller","meaning":"vendedor","sentence":"says the seller."},{"term":"stall","meaning":"puesto (de mercado)","sentence":"At the first stall, there are many big red apples, sweet green grapes and yellow bananas."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"much-many","title":"Much o many: cantidades contables y no contables","key":"Many va con cosas que se cuentan (plural); much va con cosas que no se cuentan.","rule":["Contables: many rooms, many books, many people.","No contables: much time, much water, much money.","Se usan sobre todo en preguntas y negativas: How many books?, How much time?, We don’t have much time.","En afirmaciones suena más natural a lot of: We have a lot of time."],"form":"many + plural contable · much + no contable","mistake":{"wrong":"How much books do you have?","correct":"How many books do you have?"},"path":"/gramatica/a2/much-many/","questions":[{"prompt":"How ___ chairs do we need?","answer":"many","alternatives":["much","a"],"explanation":"Chairs es un plural contable: many."},{"prompt":"We don’t have ___ water.","answer":"much","alternatives":["many","an"],"explanation":"Water es no contable en esta frase: much."}]}]},{"n":19,"type":"lesson","block":"Comparar y cantidades","listening":[{"statement":"It is Jamie’s first badminton game.","answer":true,"why":"Es su primera vez, por eso está algo nervioso."},{"statement":"Jamie plays well from the start.","answer":false,"why":"Falla el volante una y otra vez."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-sports-club-a2/","title":"My First Badminton Game","minutes":4,"words":208,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-sports-club-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"beginners","meaning":"principiantes","sentence":"She tells him that beginners are welcome every Wednesday at six o’clock, and that a few of them stay for coffee afterwards."},{"term":"neighbourhood","meaning":"barrio","sentence":"Jamie drinks a little water and chats with Polly about the neighbourhood."},{"term":"session","meaning":"sesión","sentence":"When he notices a poster for a local sports club, he decides to try its Wednesday badminton session."},{"term":"shuttlecock","meaning":"volante de bádminton","sentence":"During the first game, Jamie misses the shuttlecock again and again."},{"term":"warming up","meaning":"calentando","sentence":"In the hall, a few people are warming up."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"a-few-a-little","title":"A few y a little: pocos y poco","key":"A few acompaña a cosas que se cuentan (plural); a little acompaña a cosas que no se cuentan.","rule":["a few + plural: a few friends, a few minutes.","a little + no contable: a little time, a little water.","Significan «unos pocos / un poco» y suenan positivos: hay algo, aunque sea poco.","Sin a, few y little suenan negativos: few friends = casi ningún amigo."],"form":"a few + plural contable · a little + nombre no contable","mistake":{"wrong":"I need a little minutes.","correct":"I need a few minutes."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/a-few-a-little/","questions":[{"prompt":"She has ___ good friends. [pocos, pero tiene]","answer":"a few","alternatives":["a little","a much"],"explanation":"Friends es un plural contable: a few."},{"prompt":"Add ___ sugar, please.","answer":"a little","alternatives":["a few","a many"],"explanation":"Sugar es no contable: a little."}]}]},{"n":20,"type":"lesson","block":"Comparar y cantidades","listening":[{"statement":"The flat comes with a washing machine.","answer":false,"why":"Nora tiene que traer la suya."},{"statement":"The bedroom has enough space for a desk.","answer":true,"why":"Hay sitio para un escritorio junto a la ventana."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-new-flat-a2/","title":"The New Flat","minutes":4,"words":208,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-new-flat-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"monthly bills","meaning":"facturas mensuales","sentence":"On the way home, Leo says, “Check the monthly bills first.”"},{"term":"rent","meaning":"alquilar","sentence":"She does not need to pay for transport, so she has enough money for the rent."},{"term":"taps","meaning":"grifos","sentence":"He checks the taps."},{"term":"wooden floors","meaning":"suelos de madera","sentence":"Inside, Nora finds a bright bedroom, a small kitchen and a living room with wooden floors."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"enough","title":"Enough: tener lo suficiente","key":"Enough significa «suficiente»: va antes de un nombre y después de un adjetivo.","rule":["Antes de un nombre: enough space, enough chairs.","Después de un adjetivo: big enough, old enough.","not enough indica que no se llega a lo necesario. No significa «demasiado»: eso es too."],"form":"enough + nombre · adjetivo + enough","mistake":{"wrong":"The room is enough big.","correct":"The room is big enough."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/enough/","questions":[{"prompt":"We have ___ for everyone.","answer":"enough chairs","alternatives":["chairs enough","enough chair"],"explanation":"Enough va antes del nombre plural: enough chairs."},{"prompt":"This box is ___ for the books.","answer":"big enough","alternatives":["enough big","enough bigger"],"explanation":"Con un adjetivo, enough va después: big enough."}]}]},{"n":21,"type":"lesson","block":"Matices y obligaciones","listening":[{"statement":"Hugo’s first bowl is too tall and too thin.","answer":true,"why":"Parece más un sombrero que un cuenco."},{"statement":"Hugo’s first bowl is perfect.","answer":false,"why":"Al final es desigual y pesado, pero es suyo."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-pottery-class-a2/","title":"Hugo’s First Bowl","minutes":4,"words":208,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-pottery-class-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"clay","meaning":"barro; arcilla","sentence":"On the first evening, the teacher, Mrs Lowe, shows the group the clay."},{"term":"kiln","meaning":"horno de cerámica","sentence":""},{"term":"oven","meaning":"horno","sentence":"At the end of the class, Mrs Lowe puts all the bowls in a special oven."},{"term":"special","meaning":"especial","sentence":"At the end of the class, Mrs Lowe puts all the bowls in a special oven."},{"term":"uneven","meaning":"irregular; desigual","sentence":"It is very uneven and a bit too heavy, but it is his own."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"too-very","title":"Too y very: demasiado y muy","key":"Very intensifica un adjetivo; too dice que hay demasiado y por eso hay un problema.","rule":["very deep = muy profundo (solo una descripción).","too cold = demasiado frío (no es adecuado): too cold for babies.","Los dos van antes del adjetivo: very big · too big.","too suele ir seguido de for + persona o de to + verbo: too tired to walk."],"form":"very + adjetivo (descripción) · too + adjetivo (+ for / to) (problema)","mistake":{"wrong":"I am very tired to go out.","correct":"I am too tired to go out."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/too-very/","questions":[{"prompt":"This bag is ___ heavy for me. [no puedo con él]","answer":"too","alternatives":["very","enough"],"explanation":"Si hay un problema para alguien, usamos too."},{"prompt":"The film was ___ interesting. [una opinión positiva]","answer":"very","alternatives":["too","much"],"explanation":"Very solo intensifica; no hay ningún problema."}]}]},{"n":22,"type":"lesson","block":"Matices y obligaciones","listening":[{"statement":"Adam shouts at the server.","answer":false,"why":"Explica el problema con educación y con calma."},{"statement":"Adam asks for a sandwich without tomatoes.","answer":true,"why":"Pide un bocadillo de queso sin tomate."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-wrong-order-a2/","title":"The Wrong Order","minutes":3,"words":182,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-wrong-order-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"crowded","meaning":"lleno de gente","sentence":"The café is crowded, so he finds a small table near the door and waits patiently."},{"term":"lunch break","meaning":"pausa para comer","sentence":"Adam stops at a café during his lunch break."},{"term":"mixed up","meaning":"confundidos; intercambiados","sentence":"She looks at the receipt and realises that the kitchen staff mixed up two orders."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"adverbios-modo","title":"Slowly, quickly, well: cómo se hace algo","key":"Un adverbio de modo dice cómo se hace una acción. Casi siempre se forma con adjetivo + -ly: slow → slowly.","rule":["Adjetivo + -ly: quick → quickly, careful → carefully, loud → loudly.","Si acaba en consonante + y, cambia a -ily: easy → easily, happy → happily.","Va normalmente después del verbo (o del objeto): He rowed slowly. · She chose the bread carefully.","Excepciones: good → well; fast y hard no cambian: He runs fast."],"form":"Sujeto + verbo + adverbio en -ly · good → well","mistake":{"wrong":"He drives careful.","correct":"He drives carefully."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/adverbios-modo/","questions":[{"prompt":"She walked ___ across the room. [despacio]","answer":"slowly","alternatives":["slow","slows"],"explanation":"Dice cómo caminó: hace falta el adverbio slowly."},{"prompt":"El adverbio de good es…","answer":"well","alternatives":["goodly","gooder"],"explanation":"El adverbio de good es irregular: well."}]}]},{"n":23,"type":"lesson","block":"Matices y obligaciones","listening":[{"statement":"The doctor says Lena should drink plenty of water.","answer":true,"why":"Le aconseja descansar y beber mucha agua."},{"statement":"The doctor says Lena should not rest.","answer":false,"why":"Le dice que debería descansar."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-doctors-appointment-a2/","title":"A Doctor’s Appointment","minutes":4,"words":209,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-doctors-appointment-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"relief","meaning":"alivio","sentence":"It is a relief to know what to do next."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"should-consejos","title":"Should: dar un consejo","key":"Should + verbo base da un consejo o recomendación: «deberías», «deberíamos».","rule":["No cambia con el sujeto: I should, she should, they should.","Después va el verbo base, sin to: You should call Leo.","Negativa: shouldn’t: We shouldn’t arrive late.","Es un consejo, no una obligación fuerte (para eso: have to)."],"form":"Sujeto + should / shouldn’t + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"You should to call Leo.","correct":"You should call Leo."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/should-consejos/","questions":[{"prompt":"You should ___ before you leave.","answer":"check the time","alternatives":["to check the time","checks the time"],"explanation":"Should se combina con el verbo base check."},{"prompt":"Elige el consejo negativo correcto.","answer":"You shouldn’t wait here.","alternatives":["You don’t should wait here.","You shouldn’t to wait here."],"explanation":"La negativa es shouldn’t + wait."}]}]},{"n":24,"type":"lesson","block":"Matices y obligaciones","listening":[{"statement":"The children have to wear uniform.","answer":false,"why":"No tienen que llevar uniforme."},{"statement":"The children have to wear comfortable shoes.","answer":true,"why":"Van a caminar mucho."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-school-trip-a2/","title":"The School Trip","minutes":4,"words":210,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-school-trip-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"bags","meaning":"bolsas; mochilas","sentence":"At the museum, the guide says, “You have to leave your bags here, but you don’t have to be silent!”"},{"term":"guide","meaning":"guía","sentence":"At the museum, the guide says, “You have to leave your bags here, but you don’t have to be silent!”"},{"term":"nursery","meaning":"guardería","sentence":"I have to stay at nursery!”"},{"term":"packed lunch","meaning":"comida para llevar","sentence":"You have to take a packed lunch,”"},{"term":"partner","meaning":"compañero; pareja","sentence":"Do we have to sit with a partner?”"},{"term":"uniform","meaning":"uniforme","sentence":"Do we have to wear uniform?”"}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"have-to","title":"Have to: una obligación","key":"Have to expresa obligación o necesidad. Con he, she, it cambia a has to.","rule":["I / you / we / they have to · he / she / it has to. Después va el verbo base.","don’t have to significa que no es necesario; no significa que esté prohibido.","Negativa y pregunta usan do / does: She doesn’t have to work. · Do you have to go?"],"form":"I / you / we / they + have to + verbo base · he / she / it + has to + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"She have to work.","correct":"She has to work."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/have-to/","questions":[{"prompt":"He ___ leave at six.","answer":"has to","alternatives":["have to","has"],"explanation":"Con he usamos has to antes de leave."},{"prompt":"We ___ bring our tickets.","answer":"have to","alternatives":["has to","having to"],"explanation":"Con we usamos have to."}]}]},{"n":25,"type":"lesson","block":"Matices y obligaciones","listening":[{"statement":"Visitors must close the gate.","answer":true,"why":"Los conejos adoran las lechugas."},{"statement":"Visitors can pick the flowers.","answer":false,"why":"No se pueden coger: son para las abejas."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-community-garden-a2/","title":"The Community Garden","minutes":4,"words":209,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-community-garden-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"bees","meaning":"abejas","sentence":"They are for the bees."},{"term":"bucket","meaning":"cubo","sentence":"Tom gets a bucket and starts to work."},{"term":"compost","meaning":"compost; abono","sentence":"You must wear gloves when you touch the compost,”"},{"term":"gate","meaning":"puerta; cancela","sentence":"On Saturday morning, Rosa meets him at the gate."},{"term":"gloves","meaning":"guantes","sentence":"She gives him a pair of gloves."},{"term":"rabbits","meaning":"conejos","sentence":"The rabbits love our lettuces.”"}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"must-mustnt","title":"Must y mustn’t: obligaciones y prohibiciones","key":"Must + verbo base dice que algo es obligatorio; mustn’t dice que está prohibido.","rule":["You must wear a cap. = es obligatorio. No cambia con el sujeto ni lleva -s.","You mustn’t run. = está prohibido. Es más fuerte que «no hace falta».","Es muy habitual en avisos, normas y letreros.","Para una necesidad personal solemos preferir have to: I have to work tomorrow."],"form":"Sujeto + must + verbo base · Sujeto + mustn’t + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"You must to wear a cap.","correct":"You must wear a cap."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/must-mustnt/","questions":[{"prompt":"Children ___ run near the pool. [prohibido]","answer":"mustn’t","alternatives":["must","don’t have to"],"explanation":"Para prohibir se dice mustn’t."},{"prompt":"You ___ take a shower before you swim. [obligatorio]","answer":"must","alternatives":["mustn’t","can"],"explanation":"Must indica una obligación."}]}]},{"n":26,"type":"lesson","block":"Pedir, poseer y presente perfecto","listening":[{"statement":"Daniel finds the meeting room by himself.","answer":false,"why":"Se equivoca de puerta y vuelve a recepción."},{"statement":"Daniel asks the receptionist for help.","answer":true,"why":"Le pregunta con un «Could you…?»."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/my-first-day-at-work-a2/","title":"Where Is Meeting Room B?","minutes":4,"words":205,"audio":"/assets/audio/my-first-day-at-work-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"meeting room","meaning":"sala de reuniones","sentence":"He had a notebook, a pen, and the name of the meeting room on his phone."},{"term":"reception","meaning":"recepción","sentence":"He went back to reception and asked politely, “Could you show me where Meeting Room B is?”"},{"term":"sign","meaning":"señal o cartel","sentence":"At first, he followed a sign to the second floor."},{"term":"storage room","meaning":"trastero / sala de almacenaje","sentence":"He walked through the wrong door and found a quiet storage room with boxes and old chairs."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"could-peticiones","title":"Could you…? Pedir ayuda con cortesía","key":"Could you + verbo base es una forma educada de pedir algo.","rule":["Aquí could no habla del pasado: solo suaviza la petición.","Después va el verbo base, sin to: Could you help me?","Con please suena aún más amable. Respuestas: Of course. · Sorry, I can’t."],"form":"Could you + verbo base + información, please?","mistake":{"wrong":"Could you to help me?","correct":"Could you help me?"},"path":"/gramatica/a2/could-peticiones/","questions":[{"prompt":"Could you ___ the door, please?","answer":"close","alternatives":["to close","closes"],"explanation":"Después de could you usamos close."},{"prompt":"Pides ayuda con cortesía: ___ you help me, please?","answer":"Could","alternatives":["Do","Are"],"explanation":"Could suaviza la petición: Could you help me, please?"}]}]},{"n":27,"type":"lesson","block":"Pedir, poseer y presente perfecto","listening":[{"statement":"Nina takes Leo’s backpack by mistake.","answer":true,"why":"Las dos mochilas son azules y casi iguales."},{"statement":"Nina’s backpack is red.","answer":false,"why":"Su mochila es azul, con un llavero amarillo."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-wrong-backpack-a2/","title":"The Wrong Backpack","minutes":3,"words":185,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-wrong-backpack-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"backpack","meaning":"mochila","sentence":"Her blue backpack was on the chair beside her."},{"term":"cover","meaning":"tapa / portada","sentence":"Then she opened the bag and saw a history book, a red pencil case, and a notebook with the name Leo on the cover."},{"term":"homework","meaning":"tarea","sentence":"Nina stayed in the library after class to finish her homework."},{"term":"key ring","meaning":"llavero","sentence":"Her own backpack had a yellow key ring and a science book."},{"term":"pencil case","meaning":"estuche","sentence":"Then she opened the bag and saw a history book, a red pencil case, and a notebook with the name Leo on the cover."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"pronombres-posesivos","title":"Mine, yours, ours: «es mío»","key":"Los pronombres posesivos (mine, yours, ours…) sustituyen a adjetivo + nombre y no llevan nombre detrás.","rule":["Lista: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.","Comparación: my bag (con nombre) → mine (sin nombre): The speaker is mine.","No llevan artículo ni apóstrofo: yours, no «your’s».","his tiene la misma forma que el adjetivo: his bag · The bag is his."],"form":"my bag = mine · your bag = yours · our bag = ours","mistake":{"wrong":"This is mine bag.","correct":"This bag is mine."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/pronombres-posesivos/","questions":[{"prompt":"That seat is ___. [de nosotros]","answer":"ours","alternatives":["our","us"],"explanation":"Sin nombre detrás usamos el pronombre posesivo ours."},{"prompt":"This isn’t my pen. Is it ___?","answer":"yours","alternatives":["your","you"],"explanation":"Después de it is no hay nombre: yours."}]}]},{"n":28,"type":"lesson","block":"Pedir, poseer y presente perfecto","listening":[{"statement":"Leo sees a person through the little hole.","answer":false,"why":"No ve a nadie."},{"statement":"The knocks come at ten o’clock.","answer":true,"why":"Llaman tres veces a las diez de la noche."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/three-knocks-a2/","title":"Three Knocks","minutes":4,"words":201,"audio":"/assets/audio/three-knocks-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"afraid","meaning":"asustado","sentence":"Leo is afraid, but he is also curious."},{"term":"corridor","meaning":"pasillo","sentence":"He opens the door, but the corridor is empty and dark."},{"term":"curious","meaning":"curioso","sentence":"Leo is afraid, but he is also curious."},{"term":"knock","meaning":"llamada a la puerta; llamar","sentence":"Knock, knock, knock."},{"term":"paw","meaning":"pata","sentence":"It has a toy mouse in its mouth and one paw on the door."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"pronombres-indefinidos","title":"Something, anything, nothing: alguien y algo","key":"Formas con some-, any-, no-: something, anything, nothing (cosas) y someone, anyone, no one (personas).","rule":["some- en afirmaciones: I need something. · Somebody called.","any- en preguntas y negativas: Is there anything else? · I don’t need anything.","no- ya es negativo: I have nothing to do. = I don’t have anything to do.","Funcionan como singular: Nobody wants to forget anything."],"form":"some- afirmación · any- pregunta o negativa · no- «ningún / nada»","mistake":{"wrong":"I don’t have nothing.","correct":"I don’t have anything."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/pronombres-indefinidos/","questions":[{"prompt":"Is there ___ in the box?","answer":"anything","alternatives":["something","nothing"],"explanation":"En una pregunta usamos anything."},{"prompt":"She said ___ to me. [nada]","answer":"nothing","alternatives":["anything","something"],"explanation":"Sin don’t, nothing da el sentido negativo: no dijo nada."}]}]},{"n":29,"type":"lesson","block":"Pedir, poseer y presente perfecto","listening":[{"statement":"Olivia’s grandfather bought bread at the bakery with his father.","answer":true,"why":"Lo cuenta al ver la foto de la tienda."},{"statement":"Olivia has heard this story many times.","answer":false,"why":"Nunca la había oído."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-day-at-the-museum-a2/","title":"A Day at the Museum","minutes":4,"words":222,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-day-at-the-museum-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"exhibition","meaning":"exposición","sentence":"There is a new exhibition about how the streets have changed over the last hundred years."},{"term":"family album","meaning":"álbum familiar","sentence":"At home, her grandfather has brought out an old family album."},{"term":"grew up","meaning":"creció","sentence":"She knows her grandfather grew up in that part of town."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"presente-perfecto-experiencias","title":"Have you ever…? Hablar de experiencias","key":"Have / has + participio cuenta una experiencia hasta ahora, sin decir cuándo ocurrió.","rule":["ever significa «alguna vez» (en preguntas); never significa «nunca»: Have you ever visited London? · She has never seen snow.","No damos una fecha cerrada: nada de yesterday ni in 2020.","El participio de los verbos regulares acaba en -ed (visited). Los irregulares se aprenden: see → seen, go → gone, be → been."],"form":"Have / Has + sujeto + ever + participio? · Sujeto + have / has + never + participio","mistake":{"wrong":"Have you ever saw snow?","correct":"Have you ever seen snow?"},"path":"/gramatica/a2/presente-perfecto-experiencias/","questions":[{"prompt":"Have you ever ___ sushi? [try]","answer":"tried","alternatives":["try","trying"],"explanation":"Have requiere el participio tried."},{"prompt":"She ___ never played tennis.","answer":"has","alternatives":["have","is"],"explanation":"Con she el auxiliar del presente perfecto es has."}]}]},{"n":30,"type":"lesson","block":"Pedir, poseer y presente perfecto","listening":[{"statement":"The children’s corner is finished.","answer":false,"why":"Todavía no está terminado."},{"statement":"The quiet room is already open.","answer":true,"why":"Paul dice que ya han abierto la sala tranquila."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-library-has-changed-a2/","title":"A Visit to the Library","minutes":3,"words":171,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-library-has-changed-a2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"borrowed","meaning":"tomó prestado","sentence":"Eva borrowed a short novel before she left."},{"term":"invitation","meaning":"invitación","sentence":"The new furniture was nice, but the invitation was better."},{"term":"librarian","meaning":"bibliotecario/a","sentence":"At the desk, she met Paul, the librarian."},{"term":"shelves","meaning":"estanterías","sentence":"He showed her a drawing of the new shelves."},{"term":"volunteers","meaning":"voluntarios/as","sentence":"Local volunteers painted the old reading room in June."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"presente-perfecto-resultado","title":"Has changed: un hecho pasado con efecto ahora","key":"Have / has + participio conecta algo que ocurrió con su resultado ahora.","rule":["The streets have changed habla de cómo son las calles hoy, no de cuándo cambiaron.","No decimos el momento exacto del cambio. Si lo decimos (last year), usamos el pasado simple.","Se usa para cambios, pérdidas y cosas terminadas que importan ahora: I have lost my keys."],"form":"Sujeto + have / has + participio → resultado actual","mistake":{"wrong":"He has finish the report.","correct":"He has finished the report."},"path":"/gramatica/a2/presente-perfecto-resultado/","questions":[{"prompt":"She ___ her keys, so she can’t open the door. [lose]","answer":"has lost","alternatives":["has lose","have lost"],"explanation":"She lleva has y el participio de lose es lost."},{"prompt":"The streets ___ a lot. [change]","answer":"have changed","alternatives":["has changed","have change"],"explanation":"The streets es plural: have + changed."}]}]}]}