{"level":"B1","total":30,"blocks":["Conectar pasado y presente","Condiciones y futuro","Posibilidad y obligación","Voz pasiva y estilo indirecto","Describir con precisión","Patrones con verbos y preposiciones","Conectar, confirmar y coincidir"],"sessions":[{"n":1,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar pasado y presente","listening":[{"statement":"Jamie has spent most of his evenings at home since he moved.","answer":true,"why":"La primera frase lo dice: desde que se mudó pasa las tardes en casa."},{"statement":"Polly has lived in the area for ten years.","answer":false,"why":"Polly se mudó a la zona hace solo un año."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-sports-club-b1/","title":"My First Badminton Game","minutes":4,"words":276,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-sports-club-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"as much about","meaning":"tanto de ... como de ...","sentence":"She remembers how difficult it was to meet people at first and tells him the club is as much about company as it is about sport."},{"term":"awkward","meaning":"torpe; incómodo","sentence":"The first game is awkward."},{"term":"embarrassing himself","meaning":"hacer el ridículo","sentence":"He has not played a full game yet, so he knows he will need a lot more practice, but his original fear of embarrassing himself has almost disappeared."},{"term":"relatively","meaning":"relativamente","sentence":"Fortunately, Polly notices him waiting at the side and introduces him to two other players who are also relatively new."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"presente-perfecto-o-pasado","title":"Have visited o visited: conexión con ahora y pasado cerrado","key":"Si el tiempo está cerrado (last week, last spring), usa pasado simple. Si la acción llega hasta hoy, usa presente perfecto.","rule":["Pasado simple: la acción ocurrió en un momento terminado. Last week a poster caught his attention.","Presente perfecto: la situación continúa o importa ahora. Jamie has spent most of his evenings at home.","Con since, for, so far, never o ever solemos usar presente perfecto; con yesterday, last week o in 2020, pasado simple.","No importa que la acción sea reciente: importa si el tiempo está cerrado o llega hasta hoy."],"form":"Hasta ahora: have / has + participio · Momento cerrado: pasado simple","mistake":{"wrong":"I have visited London in 2020.","correct":"I visited London in 2020."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/presente-perfecto-o-pasado/","questions":[{"prompt":"Elige la frase correcta.","answer":"We saw that film last night.","alternatives":["We have seen that film last night.","We were seeing that film last night."],"explanation":"Last night cierra el tiempo: pasado simple."},{"prompt":"Mia ___ in this town since 2020.","answer":"has lived","alternatives":["lived","is living"],"explanation":"Since 2020 indica una situación que continúa hasta hoy: has lived."}]}]},{"n":2,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar pasado y presente","listening":[{"statement":"Elena has sat on the bench for five days.","answer":true,"why":"Dice que lleva cinco días sentada en el banco."},{"statement":"Elena has played in public since last year.","answer":false,"why":"No toca delante de nadie desde 1994."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/platform-four-b1/","title":"Platform Four","minutes":6,"words":450,"audio":"/assets/audio/platform-four-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"applause","meaning":"aplauso","sentence":"When the last note faded, there was a small round of applause."},{"term":"bear","meaning":"soportar","sentence":"And every time, I came back for it, because I couldn’t bear the idea of losing it.”"},{"term":"briefcase","meaning":"maletín","sentence":"Then a man with a briefcase arrived, out of breath after running for his train."},{"term":"crumbs","meaning":"migas","sentence":"The concourse was almost empty: a cleaner with a mop, two students with huge backpacks and a pigeon looking for crumbs."},{"term":"handkerchief","meaning":"pañuelo","sentence":"I gave you a handkerchief and a cup of tea."},{"term":"pigeon","meaning":"paloma","sentence":"The concourse was almost empty: a cleaner with a mop, two students with huge backpacks and a pigeon looking for crumbs."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"since-for","title":"Since y for: desde cuándo y durante cuánto","key":"Since señala cuándo empezó algo; for dice cuánto tiempo ha durado. Con las dos, lo normal es el presente perfecto.","rule":["since + punto de inicio: since 1994, since Monday, since I was a child.","for + duración: for five days, for two hours, for years.","Si la situación empezó antes y sigue hoy, usamos presente perfecto: She has played since 1994. / She has played for thirty years.","Con una acción terminada, for sí admite el pasado simple: She sat there for hours."],"form":"since + inicio · for + duración","mistake":{"wrong":"I have lived here since three years.","correct":"I have lived here for three years."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/since-for/","questions":[{"prompt":"Tom has worked here ___ 2019.","answer":"since","alternatives":["for","from"],"explanation":"2019 es un momento de inicio."},{"prompt":"We have been friends ___ ten years.","answer":"for","alternatives":["since","during"],"explanation":"Ten years es una duración."}]}]},{"n":3,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar pasado y presente","listening":[{"statement":"The quiet room is already open.","answer":true,"why":"Paul dice que ya han abierto la sala tranquila."},{"statement":"The children’s corner is finished.","answer":false,"why":"Todavía no han terminado la zona infantil."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-library-has-changed-b1/","title":"A Visit to the Library","minutes":4,"words":247,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-library-has-changed-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"borrowed","meaning":"tomó prestado","sentence":"She borrowed a short novel before leaving."},{"term":"familiar","meaning":"conocido; familiar","sentence":"From outside, the building looked familiar."},{"term":"mattered","meaning":"importaba; tenía importancia","sentence":"The new furniture was useful, but the invitation mattered more."},{"term":"shelves","meaning":"estanterías","sentence":"He showed her a drawing of the new shelves, which would arrive the following week."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"already-yet","title":"Already y yet: lo que ya está y lo que falta","key":"Already dice que algo ya ha pasado; yet pregunta si ha pasado o dice que todavía no.","rule":["already va en afirmativas, normalmente entre have / has y el participio: We have already opened the quiet room.","yet va al final, en negativas y preguntas: We haven’t finished yet. / Have you finished yet?","Las dos cosas se miran desde hoy: lo hecho y lo que falta.","También puede ir already al final para sorprendernos: Have you finished already? (¿ya?, qué rápido)."],"form":"have already + participio · haven’t + participio + yet · Have … yet?","mistake":{"wrong":"I haven’t finished already.","correct":"I haven’t finished yet."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/already-yet/","questions":[{"prompt":"I’ve ___ read this book, so I don’t need it.","answer":"already","alternatives":["yet","still"],"explanation":"En una afirmativa, already va entre have y el participio."},{"prompt":"We haven’t booked the hotel ___.","answer":"yet","alternatives":["already","ago"],"explanation":"En una negativa, «todavía no» es yet al final."}]}]},{"n":4,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar pasado y presente","listening":[{"statement":"Amy has been painting since seven o’clock.","answer":true,"why":"Lleva pintando desde las siete de la mañana."},{"statement":"Alice arrives after the room is ready.","answer":false,"why":"Llega antes de tiempo y las paredes siguen húmedas."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-spare-room-b1/","title":"The Spare Room","minutes":4,"words":299,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-spare-room-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"brush","meaning":"brocha; pincel","sentence":"Dean took off his jacket and picked up a brush."},{"term":"exhausted","meaning":"agotado; agotada","sentence":"You look exhausted,”"},{"term":"ladder","meaning":"escalera de mano","sentence":"My neighbour has been lending me his ladder, but he went out an hour ago.”"},{"term":"spare room","meaning":"habitación libre","sentence":"I’ve been painting the spare room since seven o’clock,”"},{"term":"suitcase","meaning":"maleta","sentence":"Ten minutes later, Alice walked in with her suitcase."},{"term":"worrying about","meaning":"preocupándose por","sentence":"I haven’t been sleeping well either, because I’ve been worrying about whether the paint would dry in time.”"}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"presente-perfecto-continuo","title":"I have been working: una acción que dura hasta ahora","key":"Have / has been + verbo en -ing cuenta una acción que empezó antes y continúa hasta ahora, o cuyo resultado se ve.","rule":["Se forma con have / has been + verbo en -ing: I’ve been painting, she’s been looking.","Suele ir con since (inicio) o for (duración): since seven o’clock, for weeks.","Pone el foco en la actividad, no en lo terminado: I’ve been writing emails (todavía lo hago o acabo de parar).","La pregunta What have you been doing? se hace cuando vemos las huellas de algo: pintura, cansancio, manos sucias."],"form":"Sujeto + have / has been + verbo en -ing","mistake":{"wrong":"I am looking for a hobby for months.","correct":"I have been looking for a hobby for months."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/presente-perfecto-continuo/","questions":[{"prompt":"I ___ for you for an hour! Where were you?","answer":"have been waiting","alternatives":["am waiting","was waiting"],"explanation":"Una actividad que empezó antes y llega hasta ahora, con for an hour."},{"prompt":"She’s tired because she ___ all day.","answer":"has been working","alternatives":["is working","has working"],"explanation":"Explica un resultado actual por una actividad larga: has been + -ing."}]}]},{"n":5,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar pasado y presente","listening":[{"statement":"Lena arrived at the hairdresser’s an hour early.","answer":true,"why":"Había recordado bien la media hora, pero llegó una hora antes."},{"statement":"Lena had cancelled the appointment.","answer":false,"why":"Pensó que lo había cancelado la peluquería, pero no era así."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-early-appointment-b1/","title":"An Hour Too Early","minutes":4,"words":280,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-early-appointment-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"appointment","meaning":"cita","sentence":"After looking at several pictures, she called a local hairdresser and booked an appointment for Saturday at ten thirty."},{"term":"haircut","meaning":"corte de pelo","sentence":"She had breakfast quickly and walked to the shop, thinking about the haircut rather than the time."},{"term":"locked","meaning":"cerrado con llave","sentence":"The door was locked and the lights were off."},{"term":"relieved","meaning":"aliviada","sentence":"Feeling relieved, she went into the café next door and ordered tea."},{"term":"take a seat","meaning":"toma asiento","sentence":"Take a seat while I get everything ready.”"}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"pasado-perfecto","title":"Had done: lo que ocurrió antes de otro pasado","key":"Had + participio sitúa una acción antes de otro momento del pasado.","rule":["Se forma con had + participio y es igual para todas las personas: she had worn, they had left.","Siempre hay dos momentos pasados: el primero lleva had; el segundo, pasado simple: When she checked her watch, she wondered whether the hairdresser had cancelled the appointment.","Se usa para explicar por qué ocurre algo: Lena was early because she had misread the time.","Si la historia va en orden (primero A, luego B), no hace falta had: She woke up, had breakfast and left."],"form":"Antes: had + participio · Después: pasado simple","mistake":{"wrong":"When I arrived, he had went home.","correct":"When I arrived, he had gone home."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/pasado-perfecto/","questions":[{"prompt":"When I got home, my brother ___ all the biscuits.","answer":"had eaten","alternatives":["ate","has eaten"],"explanation":"Comió antes de que yo llegara: had eaten."},{"prompt":"She was angry because he ___ her.","answer":"hadn’t called","alternatives":["doesn’t call","hasn’t called"],"explanation":"La causa del enfado es anterior: hadn’t called."}]}]},{"n":6,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar pasado y presente","listening":[{"statement":"The grandfather used to stop at the bakery as a child.","answer":true,"why":"Se paraba allí con su padre al volver del colegio."},{"statement":"There is still a tram at the corner today.","answer":false,"why":"Antes había un tranvía en la esquina; hoy ya no."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-day-at-the-museum-b1/","title":"A Day at the Museum","minutes":5,"words":312,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-day-at-the-museum-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"collected","meaning":"recopilado","sentence":"The guide tells them that the museum has collected photographs from local families and invites them to share any they might have."},{"term":"decades","meaning":"décadas","sentence":"The exhibition contains photographs taken over several decades."},{"term":"distinctive","meaning":"característico; distintivo","sentence":"While looking at a picture of a busy street, Olivia notices a bakery with a distinctive blue door."},{"term":"scan","meaning":"escanear","sentence":"Olivia offers to scan it for the museum, but first she asks him to tell the story behind it."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"used-to-pasado","title":"Used to: lo que ocurría antes y ya no","key":"Used to + verbo base habla de hábitos y situaciones del pasado que ya no existen.","rule":["Se usa para hábitos: He used to stop at the bakery. Y para estados: There used to be a tram.","No cambia con la persona. El verbo que sigue va en forma base: She used to live here, nunca «used to lived».","Negativa y pregunta con did: The street didn’t use to be quiet. / Did you use to walk to school?","No se usa con cantidades ni fechas exactas: I lived there for two years, no «I used to live there for two years»."],"form":"used to + verbo base · didn’t use to + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"She used to being a baker.","correct":"She used to be a baker."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/used-to-pasado/","questions":[{"prompt":"When I was young, we ___ every summer at the beach.","answer":"used to camp","alternatives":["use to camp","were used to camp"],"explanation":"Hábito del pasado: used to + verbo base."},{"prompt":"Elige la negativa correcta.","answer":"She didn’t use to eat fish.","alternatives":["She didn’t used to eat fish.","She not used to eat fish."],"explanation":"Con did / didn’t, el verbo vuelve a use."}]}]},{"n":7,"type":"lesson","block":"Condiciones y futuro","listening":[{"statement":"Too much water makes the clay collapse.","answer":true,"why":"La profesora lo explica en la primera clase."},{"statement":"Hugo’s first bowl looked perfect.","answer":false,"why":"Su primer cuenco parecía más bien un sombrero."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-pottery-class-b1/","title":"Hugo’s First Bowl","minutes":4,"words":242,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-pottery-class-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"clay","meaning":"barro; arcilla","sentence":"On the first evening, the teacher, Mrs Lowe, showed the group how to prepare the clay."},{"term":"collapses","meaning":"se hunde; se desploma","sentence":"If you add too much water, the clay collapses,”"},{"term":"kiln","meaning":"horno de cerámica","sentence":"At the end of the class, Mrs Lowe put all the bowls in the kiln."},{"term":"uneven","meaning":"irregular; desigual","sentence":"It was uneven and a bit heavy, but it was his own."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"cero-condicional","title":"If you heat ice, it melts: verdades generales","key":"If + presente simple, presente simple: lo que siempre ocurre cuando se da una condición.","rule":["Las dos partes van en presente simple: If you add too much water, the clay collapses.","Habla de verdades generales, hábitos y consejos de siempre, no de un caso concreto.","En estas frases if equivale a when o «siempre que»: When you heat ice, it melts.","Si pones la condición después, no hay coma: The clay collapses if you add too much water."],"form":"If + presente simple, presente simple","mistake":{"wrong":"If you will add too much water, the clay collapses.","correct":"If you add too much water, the clay collapses."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/cero-condicional/","questions":[{"prompt":"If you ___ water to 100 degrees, it boils.","answer":"heat","alternatives":["will heat","heated"],"explanation":"Verdad general: presente simple en las dos partes."},{"prompt":"If I ___ late, I feel terrible all day.","answer":"sleep","alternatives":["will sleep","would sleep"],"explanation":"Habla de lo que le pasa siempre."}]}]},{"n":8,"type":"lesson","block":"Condiciones y futuro","listening":[{"statement":"Leo and Maya will go to the covered market if it rains.","answer":true,"why":"Leo propone ese plan si llueve."},{"statement":"Maya will not need space in her bag.","answer":false,"why":"Si encuentra una buena planta, necesitará espacio."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/plans-for-saturday-b1/","title":"Plans for Saturday","minutes":4,"words":244,"audio":"/assets/audio/plans-for-saturday-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"backup plan","meaning":"plan alternativo","sentence":"There was a chance of rain later in the day, so he suggested a backup plan."},{"term":"covered market","meaning":"mercado cubierto","sentence":"If it rains, we will go to the covered market,”"},{"term":"finalise","meaning":"ultimar; cerrar los detalles","sentence":"On Friday evening, Maya called her friend Leo to finalise their plans for the next day."},{"term":"forecast","meaning":"previsión del tiempo","sentence":"Leo then checked the weather forecast."},{"term":"reasonable","meaning":"razonable","sentence":"They now had a plan and a reasonable alternative, which left her with only one responsibility: to remember to set her alarm."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"primer-condicional","title":"If it rains, we will…: una condición futura posible","key":"If + presente simple, will + verbo base: una condición futura posible y su consecuencia.","rule":["La parte con if lleva presente aunque hable del futuro: If it rains, nunca «If it will rain».","El resultado lleva will + verbo base: we will go to the covered market.","Se pueden invertir las dos partes; con la condición primero va coma: If we miss it, we’ll wait. / We’ll wait if we miss it.","En el resultado también valen can, must o un imperativo: If you see her, tell her."],"form":"If + presente simple, sujeto + will + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"If it will rain, we will stay home.","correct":"If it rains, we will stay home."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/primer-condicional/","questions":[{"prompt":"If she ___ tomorrow, we’ll have lunch together.","answer":"arrives","alternatives":["will arrive","arrived"],"explanation":"En la parte con if va presente simple."},{"prompt":"If you don’t hurry, you ___ the train.","answer":"will miss","alternatives":["would miss","missed"],"explanation":"Consecuencia de una condición posible: will + base."}]}]},{"n":9,"type":"lesson","block":"Condiciones y futuro","listening":[{"statement":"Iris will check the text when Ben finishes the note.","answer":true,"why":"Lo dice en cuanto Ben termine la nota."},{"statement":"They decide the method after collecting the numbers next time.","answer":false,"why":"Acuerdan el método antes de recoger datos la próxima vez."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/before-the-deadline-b1/","title":"Two Minutes to Five","minutes":5,"words":307,"audio":"/assets/audio/before-the-deadline-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"chart","meaning":"gráfico","sentence":"Ben had already made a colourful chart, and Iris was checking the document before sending it."},{"term":"deadline","meaning":"fecha límite","sentence":"Iris had twenty minutes left before the deadline for her class project."},{"term":"figures","meaning":"cifras; datos numéricos","sentence":"There was no time to collect new figures."},{"term":"method","meaning":"método","sentence":"Before we collect any numbers next time, we’ll agree on the method,”"},{"term":"with two minutes to spare","meaning":"con dos minutos de margen","sentence":"They sent the project with two minutes to spare."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"futuro-subordinadas","title":"When I get there, I will…: futuro después de when","key":"Después de when, as soon as, before, after o until, el futuro se dice con presente (o perfecto), no con will.","rule":["La oración principal lleva will: I’ll check the text. La subordinada, presente: as soon as you finish.","Si la acción de la subordinada tiene que estar terminada antes, vale el presente perfecto: when we have both read it.","Funciona igual con when, before, after, until y once.","Con la subordinada primero se pone coma; con la principal primero, no: We’ll send it when we’re ready."],"form":"When / as soon as / until + presente simple, will + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"I’ll call you when I will arrive.","correct":"I’ll call you when I arrive."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/futuro-subordinadas/","questions":[{"prompt":"I’ll send the file as soon as I ___ home.","answer":"get","alternatives":["will get","am getting"],"explanation":"Después de as soon as, presente simple."},{"prompt":"We ___ until the rain stops.","answer":"won’t leave","alternatives":["don’t leave","didn’t leave"],"explanation":"La principal habla del futuro: will / won’t."}]}]},{"n":10,"type":"lesson","block":"Condiciones y futuro","listening":[{"statement":"Items can be returned if they are in their original packaging.","answer":true,"why":"Es una de las condiciones de la devolución."},{"statement":"The standard label can be used if the item arrives damaged.","answer":false,"why":"En ese caso hay que esperar a que el equipo responda."}],"story":{"path":"/practica/a-return-policy-b1/","title":"A Return Policy","minutes":3,"words":163,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-return-policy-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"deducted","meaning":"descontado","sentence":"For a change-of-mind return, £3.50 will be deducted from your refund to cover postage."},{"term":"faulty","meaning":"defectuoso","sentence":"We cannot accept personalised items unless they are faulty."},{"term":"postage","meaning":"gastos de envío","sentence":"For a change-of-mind return, £3.50 will be deducted from your refund to cover postage."},{"term":"refund","meaning":"reembolso","sentence":"For a change-of-mind return, £3.50 will be deducted from your refund to cover postage."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"unless-as-long-as","title":"Unless y as long as: condiciones","key":"As long as significa «siempre que» (con esa condición); unless significa «a menos que», o sea, «si no».","rule":["as long as + presente simple: You can return it as long as it is unused.","unless = if … not: Unless our team tells you otherwise = If our team doesn’t tell you otherwise.","Detrás de las dos va presente simple, aunque hablen del futuro.","unless ya es negativa: no pongas otra negación. Unless you hurry, no «Unless you don’t hurry»."],"form":"as long as + presente simple, resultado · unless + presente simple, resultado","mistake":{"wrong":"Unless you don’t hurry, we’ll be late.","correct":"Unless you hurry, we’ll be late."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/unless-as-long-as/","questions":[{"prompt":"We can start ___ everyone is ready.","answer":"as long as","alternatives":["unless","while"],"explanation":"Es una condición necesaria: «siempre que»."},{"prompt":"___ you tell me otherwise, I’ll book the table.","answer":"Unless","alternatives":["As long as","Although"],"explanation":"Unless = a menos que me digas lo contrario."}]}]},{"n":11,"type":"lesson","block":"Condiciones y futuro","listening":[{"statement":"Daniel thinks he would finish more work at home on Tuesdays.","answer":true,"why":"Cree que acabaría el doble."},{"statement":"The company agrees to the plan immediately.","answer":false,"why":"Primero aceptan una prueba de tres meses."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/office-or-home-b1/","title":"Daniel’s Idea","minutes":5,"words":338,"audio":"/assets/audio/office-or-home-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"arrangement","meaning":"sistema; acuerdo","sentence":"When that arrangement ended, the managers announced that employees would be expected in the office every day."},{"term":"compromise","meaning":"solución intermedia; acuerdo","sentence":"Daniel proposed a compromise."},{"term":"open-plan","meaning":"de planta abierta","sentence":"According to the results, most employees were less productive in the open-plan office, although the managers insisted that the figures didn’t tell the whole story."},{"term":"survey","meaning":"encuesta","sentence":"The company’s survey seemed to confirm his worries."},{"term":"trial","meaning":"periodo de prueba","sentence":"the director said, and she agreed to a trial."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"segundo-condicional","title":"If I had… I would…: imaginar otra situación","key":"If + pasado simple, would + verbo base: algo imaginado o poco probable, no un hecho.","rule":["El pasado de la parte con if no habla de ayer: marca distancia con la realidad. If I worked from home = ahora no trabajo en casa.","El resultado lleva would + verbo base: I would finish twice as much.","Con be se prefiere were para todos: If I were you, I would ask.","Se usa para imaginar, dar consejos suaves (If I were you…) y negociar: If each team chose its own office days…, people could…."],"form":"If + pasado simple, sujeto + would + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"If I would have more time, I would read more.","correct":"If I had more time, I would read more."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/segundo-condicional/","questions":[{"prompt":"If I ___ a car, I would drive to work.","answer":"had","alternatives":["would have","have"],"explanation":"La parte con if lleva pasado simple."},{"prompt":"She ___ more if she lived closer.","answer":"would visit","alternatives":["will visit","visited"],"explanation":"Resultado imaginado: would + verbo base."}]}]},{"n":12,"type":"lesson","block":"Posibilidad y obligación","listening":[{"statement":"Sofia thinks she might be late for work.","answer":true,"why":"Perdió el autobús y lo dice en el segundo párrafo."},{"statement":"Sofia gives up and goes home.","answer":false,"why":"Espera el siguiente autobús y hace un plan."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-rainy-morning-b1/","title":"A Rainy Morning","minutes":4,"words":266,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-rainy-morning-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"annoyed","meaning":"molesta o irritada","sentence":"For a moment, Sofia stood in the rain, annoyed with the driver and with herself."},{"term":"colleague","meaning":"compañero/a de trabajo","sentence":"Then she sent her colleague a quick message: “Missed my bus."},{"term":"crowded","meaning":"lleno de gente","sentence":"The pavement was covered in puddles, and the bus stop was already crowded."},{"term":"puddles","meaning":"charcos","sentence":"The pavement was covered in puddles, and the bus stop was already crowded."},{"term":"timetable","meaning":"horario de transporte","sentence":"The timetable said the next bus would arrive in twelve minutes."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"might-posibilidad","title":"Might: una posibilidad, sin certeza","key":"Might + verbo base expresa una posibilidad real pero no segura: quizá sí, quizá no.","rule":["might no cambia con la persona ni lleva -s: she might be, it might rain.","Después va el verbo base, sin to: It might get worse, no «might to get».","Negativa: might not: The bus might not come. No se contrae normalmente (mightn’t es raro).","may y could dicen casi lo mismo: It may rain · It could rain. Might suena un poco más dudoso."],"form":"Sujeto + might (+ not) + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"She might arrives late.","correct":"She might arrive late."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/might-posibilidad/","questions":[{"prompt":"Don’t wait for me. I ___ late.","answer":"might be","alternatives":["might to be","mights be"],"explanation":"Might + verbo base, sin to y sin -s."},{"prompt":"Elige la frase que expresa una posibilidad.","answer":"She might call later.","alternatives":["She will call later.","She called later."],"explanation":"Might expresa algo posible, no seguro."}]}]},{"n":13,"type":"lesson","block":"Posibilidad y obligación","listening":[{"statement":"Evan thinks the note must be from the school club.","answer":true,"why":"Lo deduce por el pequeño sello del club de lectura."},{"statement":"The note has the name of a student on it.","answer":false,"why":"No tiene ningún nombre."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-secret-note-b1/","title":"The Secret Note","minutes":4,"words":282,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-secret-note-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"folded","meaning":"doblado","sentence":"A small folded note fell between the pages."},{"term":"recommendations","meaning":"recomendaciones","sentence":"The group met once a week to share recommendations."},{"term":"stamp","meaning":"sello","sentence":"He was about to put it back when he noticed a tiny stamp in the corner: READING CLUB."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"must-cant-deduccion","title":"Must be y can’t be: deducir con lo que sabemos","key":"Must be = estoy casi seguro de que sí; can’t be = estoy casi seguro de que no; might be = quizá.","rule":["Son deducciones a partir de lo que sabemos, no obligaciones: It must be from the club.","Para lo contrario de must be se usa can’t be, no «mustn’t be»: It can’t be for me.","Después va el verbo base (o be + adjetivo): She must be tired, That can’t be true.","La seguridad va de más a menos: must → might → can’t."],"form":"must be = seguro que sí · can’t be = seguro que no · might be = quizá","mistake":{"wrong":"He mustn’t be at home.","correct":"He can’t be at home."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/must-cant-deduccion/","questions":[{"prompt":"He has just run ten kilometres. He ___ tired.","answer":"must be","alternatives":["can’t be","might to be"],"explanation":"Casi seguro: must be."},{"prompt":"Luke is in Paris this week. He ___ at his desk.","answer":"can’t be","alternatives":["mustn’t be","mustn’t"],"explanation":"Casi seguro que no está: can’t be."}]}]},{"n":14,"type":"lesson","block":"Posibilidad y obligación","listening":[{"statement":"Students don’t have to wear uniform on the trip.","answer":true,"why":"Mrs Park dice que no es obligatorio, pero sí llevar zapatos cómodos."},{"statement":"Students can stand up while the bus is moving.","answer":false,"why":"Está prohibido levantarse mientras el autobús se mueve."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-school-trip-b1/","title":"The School Trip","minutes":4,"words":216,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-school-trip-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"instruction","meaning":"instrucción","sentence":"At the museum, the guide gave them one last instruction: “You have to leave your bags here, but you don’t have to be silent!”"},{"term":"nursery","meaning":"guardería","sentence":"I get to stay at nursery!”"},{"term":"overslept","meaning":"se quedó dormido","sentence":"The next morning Leo overslept and had to run to the bus stop."},{"term":"packed lunch","meaning":"comida para llevar","sentence":"You’ll need a packed lunch,”"},{"term":"partner","meaning":"compañero; compañera","sentence":"Once he was on board, Leo asked Mrs Park whether they had to sit with a partner."},{"term":"uniform","meaning":"uniforme","sentence":"Do we have to wear uniform?”"}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"dont-have-to-mustnt","title":"Don’t have to y mustn’t: no hace falta frente a prohibido","key":"Don’t have to = no es obligatorio, puedes elegir. Mustn’t = está prohibido. No significan lo mismo.","rule":["don’t have to + verbo base: no hace falta, pero se permite. You don’t have to wear uniform.","mustn’t + verbo base: prohibido o muy desaconsejado. You mustn’t stand up on the bus.","Pregunta de obligación: Do we have to…? Respuesta: Yes, you do. / No, you don’t.","Con have to, el pasado es had to: I had to run to the stop."],"form":"don’t have to + verbo base = no es obligatorio · mustn’t + verbo base = prohibido","mistake":{"wrong":"You mustn’t bring a gift.","correct":"You don’t have to bring a gift."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/dont-have-to-mustnt/","questions":[{"prompt":"It’s optional. You ___ come if you don’t want to.","answer":"don’t have to","alternatives":["mustn’t","can’t to"],"explanation":"Opcional: don’t have to."},{"prompt":"You ___ touch the paintings. It’s forbidden.","answer":"mustn’t","alternatives":["don’t have to","doesn’t have to"],"explanation":"Prohibido: mustn’t."}]}]},{"n":15,"type":"lesson","block":"Voz pasiva y estilo indirecto","listening":[{"statement":"Breakfast is served on Saturday morning.","answer":true,"why":"Se sirve de 7:30 a 10:00."},{"statement":"The 4 p.m. museum tour still takes place.","answer":false,"why":"Esa visita está cancelada por obras."}],"story":{"path":"/practica/a-travel-itinerary-b1/","title":"A Travel Itinerary","minutes":3,"words":152,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-travel-itinerary-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"booked","meaning":"reservada","sentence":"A taxi will take you to the Castle Hotel, where your room is booked for two nights."},{"term":"check out","meaning":"dejar el hotel","sentence":"Sunday: Check out before 11:00."},{"term":"guided","meaning":"guiada","sentence":"The guided walking tour starts at 10:30 outside the hotel and lasts about two hours."},{"term":"itinerary","meaning":"itinerario","sentence":"Weekend in Edinburgh – your itinerary\nFriday: Your train leaves London at 15:30 and arrives in Edinburgh at 20:00."},{"term":"luggage","meaning":"equipaje","sentence":"Your return train leaves at 17:15, so you can leave your luggage at reception."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"pasiva-presente","title":"Are issued: centrarse en lo que recibe la acción","key":"Pasiva = am / is / are + participio. Pone en primer plano lo que recibe la acción y deja en segundo plano quién la hace.","rule":["Your room is booked for two nights: importa la habitación; no importa quién la reserva.","is con singular y are con plural. El participio no cambia: Tickets are included.","Si quieres nombrar a quien actúa, añade by: The room is cleaned by the staff.","En español solemos decir «se sirve» o «está incluido»; en inglés usamos la pasiva con be."],"form":"Receptor + am / is / are + participio","mistake":{"wrong":"The tickets are check at the door.","correct":"The tickets are checked at the door."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/pasiva-presente/","questions":[{"prompt":"Breakfast ___ from seven to ten.","answer":"is served","alternatives":["serves","is serving"],"explanation":"Breakfast recibe la acción: is + participio."},{"prompt":"The tickets ___ in the price.","answer":"are included","alternatives":["is included","are include"],"explanation":"Tickets es plural: are + participio."}]}]},{"n":16,"type":"lesson","block":"Voz pasiva y estilo indirecto","listening":[{"statement":"The house was built in 1840.","answer":true,"why":"Eso dice la vecina que cuentan."},{"statement":"The letters were written after the Second World War.","answer":false,"why":"Se escribieron durante la Primera Guerra Mundial."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-house-on-mill-lane-b1/","title":"The Secret Room","minutes":4,"words":280,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-house-on-mill-lane-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"bundle","meaning":"fajo; manojo","sentence":"Inside were a bundle of letters, a pair of reading glasses and a photograph of the mill with fifteen workers standing outside."},{"term":"damp","meaning":"húmedo","sentence":"Work on the damp walls was still in progress."},{"term":"flour mill","meaning":"molino de harina","sentence":"An elderly woman told them that the building had once been a flour mill."},{"term":"progress","meaning":"avance; progreso","sentence":"Work on the damp walls was still in progress."},{"term":"surveyor","meaning":"tasador; perito","sentence":"The surveyor’s report listed twenty-three problems, and three of them were urgent."},{"term":"wiring","meaning":"instalación eléctrica","sentence":"he wrote, “and a qualified electrician should check the wiring.”"}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"pasiva-pasado","title":"Was painted: la pasiva en pasado","key":"Was / were + participio cuenta lo que le ocurrió a algo en el pasado, sin importar quién lo hizo.","rule":["was con singular y were con plural: The house was built in 1840. · The letters were written in 1916.","El participio no cambia: built, hidden, written.","Con by nombramos a quien actuó: The letters were written by a soldier.","Es normal en historia, noticias y descripciones: importa lo que pasó, no quién lo hizo."],"form":"Receptor + was / were + participio (+ by + autor)","mistake":{"wrong":"The letters was sent yesterday.","correct":"The letters were sent yesterday."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/pasiva-pasado/","questions":[{"prompt":"The castle ___ in the twelfth century.","answer":"was built","alternatives":["built","was build"],"explanation":"El castillo recibe la acción: was + participio."},{"prompt":"Two paintings ___ from the museum last week.","answer":"were stolen","alternatives":["was stolen","were stole"],"explanation":"Paintings es plural: were + participio."}]}]},{"n":17,"type":"lesson","block":"Voz pasiva y estilo indirecto","listening":[{"statement":"The director promised that nobody would lose a job without a fair offer.","answer":true,"why":"Lo promete al principio de la rueda de prensa."},{"statement":"The press conference lasted twenty minutes.","answer":false,"why":"Debía durar veinte minutos, pero duró casi dos horas."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-press-conference-b1/","title":"Bad News at Harlow Foods","minutes":4,"words":271,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-press-conference-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"apologised","meaning":"se disculpó","sentence":"She apologised for the short notice and promised that nobody would lose their job without a fair offer."},{"term":"plant","meaning":"planta; fábrica","sentence":"Bryant answered that about two hundred people worked at the plant and that the company would offer transfers to the two other sites."},{"term":"postponing","meaning":"aplazando","sentence":"He asked the board to think again and suggested postponing the closure until a joint study was finished."},{"term":"privacy","meaning":"intimidad","sentence":"Before leaving, she told the journalists not to expect any more announcements that week and asked them to respect the employees’ privacy."},{"term":"transfers","meaning":"traslados","sentence":"Bryant answered that about two hundred people worked at the plant and that the company would offer transfers to the two other sites."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"estilo-indirecto","title":"She said that…: contar lo que dijo alguien","key":"En estilo indirecto, el verbo de lo que alguien dijo retrocede un paso en el tiempo: “I am tired.” → She said she was tired.","rule":["Verbos de comunicación: said that, told me that, promised that, explained that. That se puede omitir.","Presente → pasado (am → was); pasado → pasado perfecto (started → had started); will → would.","said no lleva persona después; told sí: She said she was tired · She told me she was tired.","Cambian también los pronombres y las referencias: my → her, here → there, today → that day."],"form":"“I am tired.” → She said she was tired.","mistake":{"wrong":"Amy said me she was tired.","correct":"Amy told me she was tired."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/estilo-indirecto/","questions":[{"prompt":"“I’m tired,” Amy said. → Amy said she ___ tired.","answer":"was","alternatives":["is","has been"],"explanation":"El presente pasa a pasado: was."},{"prompt":"“We’ll help you,” they said. → They said they ___ me.","answer":"would help","alternatives":["will help","helped"],"explanation":"Will pasa a would."}]}]},{"n":18,"type":"lesson","block":"Voz pasiva y estilo indirecto","listening":[{"statement":"Daniel asks where Meeting Room B is.","answer":true,"why":"Se lo pregunta a la recepcionista."},{"statement":"Daniel finds the meeting room on his own.","answer":false,"why":"Primero entra en un almacén y luego pide ayuda."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/my-first-day-at-work-b1/","title":"Where Is Meeting Room B?","minutes":5,"words":307,"audio":"/assets/audio/my-first-day-at-work-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"colleagues","meaning":"compañeros de trabajo","sentence":"When Daniel finally entered, two colleagues were preparing the screen for the meeting."},{"term":"corridor","meaning":"pasillo","sentence":"She explained that it was behind the blue wall, not beside the storage room, and walked with him to the correct corridor."},{"term":"receptionist","meaning":"recepcionista","sentence":"Rather than continue searching, he decided to ask the receptionist downstairs."},{"term":"storage room","meaning":"trastero o almacén","sentence":"He opened one, stepped inside and discovered a storage room full of old chairs and cardboard boxes."},{"term":"welcome email","meaning":"correo de bienvenida","sentence":"His welcome email said that the team would meet in Room B at nine, but the building was bigger than it had looked in the interview."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"preguntas-indirectas","title":"Could you tell me where…? El orden dentro de la pregunta","key":"En una pregunta indirecta el orden es el de una oración normal: sujeto + verbo, sin do ni inversión.","rule":["Empieza con una fórmula: Could you tell me…, Do you know…, I wonder…, She asked….","Después va la palabra interrogativa y el orden normal: where Meeting Room B is, no «where is Meeting Room B».","Si no hay palabra interrogativa, se usa if o whether: He asked if she knew.","No lleva signo de pregunta cuando la frase inicial es afirmativa: I wonder how he found it."],"form":"Could you tell me + where / when / what… + sujeto + verbo?","mistake":{"wrong":"Could you tell me where is the station?","correct":"Could you tell me where the station is?"},"path":"/gramatica/b1/preguntas-indirectas/","questions":[{"prompt":"Could you tell me where ___?","answer":"the toilets are","alternatives":["are the toilets","do the toilets"],"explanation":"Orden normal: sujeto + verbo."},{"prompt":"I don’t know what time ___.","answer":"the film starts","alternatives":["does the film start","starts the film"],"explanation":"Orden normal y sin do."}]}]},{"n":19,"type":"lesson","block":"Describir con precisión","listening":[{"statement":"Rosalind was a librarian who lived on a small pension.","answer":true,"why":"Así la describen al principio."},{"statement":"Beth and Matt keep the fifteenth key for themselves.","answer":false,"why":"La nota dice que es para ayudar a alguien en una calle nueva."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-fourteen-keys-b1/","title":"Fourteen Keys","minutes":5,"words":378,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-fourteen-keys-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"grateful","meaning":"agradecido","sentence":"Each time someone was grateful, and nobody knew about the others."},{"term":"hesitate","meaning":"dudar","sentence":"Matt, who had planned to sell everything and share the money, began to hesitate."},{"term":"label","meaning":"etiqueta","sentence":"What they found instead, in the drawer of the hall table, was a leather pouch with fourteen keys, each with a paper label in her aunt’s round handwriting: a street name, but no number."},{"term":"pension","meaning":"pensión (jubilación)","sentence":"Rosalind had been a librarian who lived on a small pension and had never wanted to buy a dishwasher."},{"term":"pouch","meaning":"bolsa pequeña","sentence":"What they found instead, in the drawer of the hall table, was a leather pouch with fourteen keys, each with a paper label in her aunt’s round handwriting: a street name, but no number."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"relativas-con-who","title":"People who…: identificar a una persona","key":"Who une a una persona con la información que la identifica: a librarian who lived on a small pension.","rule":["who sustituye al sujeto y no se repite: a girl who practised the cello, no «a girl who she practised».","El verbo que sigue concuerda con la persona: a man who works / people who work.","Identifica a quién nos referimos: sin esa parte la frase pierde sentido. No lleva comas.","Con personas también se oye that: a girl that practised. Who es más claro."],"form":"Persona + who + verbo + información","mistake":{"wrong":"A teacher who she speaks English.","correct":"A teacher who speaks English."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/relativas-con-who/","questions":[{"prompt":"She’s the neighbour ___ looks after my cat.","answer":"who","alternatives":["which","where"],"explanation":"Habla de una persona: who."},{"prompt":"I need someone ___ can fix this.","answer":"who","alternatives":["who he","whose"],"explanation":"Who sustituye al sujeto y va seguido del verbo."}]}]},{"n":20,"type":"lesson","block":"Describir con precisión","listening":[{"statement":"Sara had only two days to decide.","answer":true,"why":"Las dos ofertas pedían respuesta para el viernes."},{"statement":"Sara chooses the job with the higher salary.","answer":false,"why":"Acepta el empleo de la librería."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/two-job-offers-b1/","title":"Which Job?","minutes":4,"words":257,"audio":"/assets/audio/two-job-offers-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"collapse","meaning":"desplomarse","sentence":"She wanted to finish her English course and still have energy to read, rather than collapse on the sofa every evening."},{"term":"contract","meaning":"contrato","sentence":"A bookshop near her flat offered her a part-time position, while a marketing company on the other side of the city offered a full-time contract."},{"term":"energy","meaning":"energía","sentence":"She added new columns: travel time, working hours, opportunities to learn and energy at the end of the day."},{"term":"figures","meaning":"cifras","sentence":"Sara wrote the figures in a table, but the table did not feel complete."},{"term":"path","meaning":"camino","sentence":"Then she wrote a careful email to the company, thanking them for their time and explaining that she had chosen a different path."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"which-informacion-extra","title":"Which: añadir un detalle sobre una cosa","key":"Which añade, entre comas, un dato extra sobre una cosa (o sobre toda la frase). La frase se entiende sin él.","rule":["Va después de una coma: …by Friday, which left her only two days.","Puede referirse a toda la idea anterior: Both wanted a reply by Friday, y eso left her only two days.","En esta función no se usa that: no se dice «, that left her».","Si quitas la parte con which, la frase principal sigue completa. Es información adicional."],"form":"Cosa conocida, which + información extra, …","mistake":{"wrong":"My bike, that is red, is outside.","correct":"My bike, which is red, is outside."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/which-informacion-extra/","questions":[{"prompt":"She won the prize, ___ made her family very proud.","answer":"which","alternatives":["that","who"],"explanation":"Which resume toda la frase anterior, tras una coma."},{"prompt":"The café, ___ opened last year, is already popular.","answer":"which","alternatives":["what","who"],"explanation":"Añade un dato sobre una cosa."}]}]},{"n":21,"type":"lesson","block":"Describir con precisión","listening":[{"statement":"Clara returns to the town where she grew up.","answer":true,"why":"Vuelve tras diez años en el extranjero."},{"statement":"The baker’s shop is still open.","answer":false,"why":"Ahora es un centro de reparación de móviles."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/back-to-the-old-street-b1/","title":"Back to the Old Street","minutes":4,"words":252,"audio":"/assets/audio/back-to-the-old-street-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"belonged","meaning":"pertenecía; encajaba","sentence":"They spent the afternoon with tea and a box of memories, and Clara felt, for the first time in years, that she belonged somewhere."},{"term":"bumped into","meaning":"se encontró por casualidad con","sentence":"At the end of the street she bumped into Mr Turner, an old neighbour who was famous for his terrible jokes."},{"term":"council","meaning":"ayuntamiento; consejo municipal","sentence":"he said, “but in the end the council gave up.”"},{"term":"lost touch","meaning":"perdieron el contacto","sentence":"They talked for a few minutes about the people they had both lost touch with."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"relativas-that-where","title":"That y where: cosas y lugares","key":"That habla de cosas (o personas) y where de lugares: los dos dan la información que identifica a lo que nombras.","rule":["that + verbo: The shop that had stood on the corner; el verbo sustituye al sujeto.","that + sujeto + verbo: the book that I told you about. Aquí that se puede omitir: the book I told you about.","where + sujeto + verbo: the town where she had grown up. No lleva preposición ni there.","No pongas coma antes: la frase con that o where es necesaria para saber a cuál nos referimos."],"form":"Cosa + that + verbo · Lugar + where + sujeto + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"The café that we met is closed.","correct":"The café where we met is closed."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/relativas-that-where/","questions":[{"prompt":"That’s the house ___ I grew up.","answer":"where","alternatives":["that","which"],"explanation":"Es un lugar: where + sujeto + verbo."},{"prompt":"I like the bag ___ you bought yesterday.","answer":"that","alternatives":["where","who"],"explanation":"Habla de una cosa: that (o nada)."}]}]},{"n":22,"type":"lesson","block":"Describir con precisión","listening":[{"statement":"Julia feels disappointed about the candles.","answer":true,"why":"Se decepciona porque son un seis y un dos."},{"statement":"Tom is confused for the whole evening.","answer":false,"why":"Se confunde un segundo y luego se emociona con el acertijo."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-birthday-surprise-b1/","title":"Six Plus Two","minutes":4,"words":273,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-birthday-surprise-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"candle","meaning":"vela","sentence":"She had bought a chocolate cake, blue balloons and a packet containing a large candle shaped like the number eight."},{"term":"celebration","meaning":"celebración","sentence":"Whenever she saw it, she remembered how a small mistake had made the celebration more personal."},{"term":"disappointed","meaning":"decepcionada","sentence":"Julia felt disappointed and a little embarrassed."},{"term":"packet","meaning":"paquete","sentence":"She had bought a chocolate cake, blue balloons and a packet containing a large candle shaped like the number eight."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"adjetivos-ed-ing","title":"Embarrassed o confusing: -ed frente a -ing","key":"-ed describe cómo se siente una persona; -ing describe lo que causa esa sensación.","rule":["Persona + -ed: Julia felt disappointed. Cosa o situación + -ing: It was annoying.","El mismo verbo da los dos adjetivos: interest → interested / interesting, bore → bored / boring.","La persona también puede ser -ing si causa esa sensación: He is boring (aburre), no He is bored (se aburre).","Con feel, seem y look suele ir -ed: She felt embarrassed."],"form":"persona + be / feel + -ed · cosa o situación + be + -ing","mistake":{"wrong":"I am very boring in this class.","correct":"I am very bored in this class."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/adjetivos-ed-ing/","questions":[{"prompt":"The film was so ___ that I fell asleep.","answer":"boring","alternatives":["bored","bore"],"explanation":"La película causa el aburrimiento: -ing."},{"prompt":"I was really ___ by the final result.","answer":"surprised","alternatives":["surprising","surprise"],"explanation":"Yo siento la sorpresa: -ed."}]}]},{"n":23,"type":"lesson","block":"Patrones con verbos y preposiciones","listening":[{"statement":"Ben suggests imagining a pizza cut into slices.","answer":true,"why":"Así Jane entiende las fracciones."},{"statement":"Jane studies alone until the exam.","answer":false,"why":"Se reúne con Ben y Mia en la biblioteca."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-study-group-b1/","title":"Pizza and Fractions","minutes":4,"words":234,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-study-group-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"anxious","meaning":"ansiosa","sentence":"Studying alone was making her anxious, so she asked two classmates, Ben and Mia, if they would meet in the library on Wednesday."},{"term":"awkward","meaning":"incómoda; tensa","sentence":"At the beginning, the session was awkward."},{"term":"reasoning","meaning":"razonamiento","sentence":"Whenever somebody made a mistake, the others asked for the reasoning instead of the answer."},{"term":"review","meaning":"repaso","sentence":"Before the library closed, they wrote a short plan: practice problems on Thursday, a quick review on Friday morning and no studying after nine in the evening."},{"term":"understanding","meaning":"entender; comprender","sentence":"This method was slower, but it showed exactly where each person had stopped understanding the explanation."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"verbos-seguidos-de-ing","title":"Enjoy reading, suggest practising: verbo + -ing","key":"Algunos verbos se construyen siempre con otro verbo en -ing: suggest, enjoy, keep, avoid, finish.","rule":["suggest + -ing: Ben suggested imagining a pizza. keep + -ing: Mia kept redrawing her notes.","Otros frecuentes: enjoy, avoid, finish, mind, practise, consider, imagine.","Con spend + tiempo, también va -ing: They spent the next hour solving questions.","Tras estas formas no se usa to: «suggested to imagine» es un error."],"form":"enjoy / suggest / consider + verbo en -ing","mistake":{"wrong":"He enjoys to read.","correct":"He enjoys reading."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/verbos-seguidos-de-ing/","questions":[{"prompt":"She suggested ___ a break.","answer":"taking","alternatives":["to take","take"],"explanation":"Suggest va con -ing."},{"prompt":"I can’t stop ___ about the exam.","answer":"thinking","alternatives":["to think","think"],"explanation":"Stop + -ing significa dejar de hacer algo."}]}]},{"n":24,"type":"lesson","block":"Patrones con verbos y preposiciones","listening":[{"statement":"Eva decides to wait before speaking in the meeting.","answer":true,"why":"Quería tener mejores cifras."},{"statement":"Eva asks her manager to share the document.","answer":false,"why":"Se lo pide a Tom, su compañero."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-quiet-proposal-b1/","title":"Eva’s Good Idea","minutes":4,"words":225,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-quiet-proposal-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"raised her hand","meaning":"levantó la mano","sentence":"Eva nearly raised her hand, then decided to wait until she had better figures."},{"term":"routine replies","meaning":"respuestas habituales","sentence":"Some answers still needed individual attention, but routine replies became easier to find."},{"term":"trial","meaning":"prueba piloto","sentence":"She also named the information they would collect to decide whether the trial was useful."},{"term":"up to date","meaning":"actualizado","sentence":"He liked the idea of a shared answer library, but noticed that it did not explain who would keep the information up to date."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"verbos-seguidos-de-to","title":"Decide to, want to: verbo + infinitivo","key":"Otros verbos van seguidos de to + verbo base: decide to, want to, plan to, hope to, agree to.","rule":["decide to wait, plan to visit, hope to see, manage to finish: el verbo base no cambia.","Si hay otra persona, va entre medias: ask Tom to help, want you to come, tell her to wait.","Negativa: not va antes de to: She decided not to leave the parcel outside.","to aquí es parte de la estructura del verbo, no «para»."],"form":"decide / want / plan + to + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"He decided asking for help.","correct":"He decided to ask for help."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/verbos-seguidos-de-to/","questions":[{"prompt":"He decided ___ his job.","answer":"to change","alternatives":["changing","change"],"explanation":"Decide + to + verbo base."},{"prompt":"I asked her ___ the door.","answer":"to close","alternatives":["closing","close"],"explanation":"Ask + persona + to + verbo base."}]}]},{"n":25,"type":"lesson","block":"Patrones con verbos y preposiciones","listening":[{"statement":"Emma picks up a parcel from the floor.","answer":true,"why":"Lo encuentra delante de su puerta."},{"statement":"Emma keeps the parcel at home.","answer":false,"why":"Se lo lleva a su vecino de al lado."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-new-neighbor-b1/","title":"A Box at the Door","minutes":4,"words":287,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-new-neighbor-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"biscuits","meaning":"galletas","sentence":"It was Mr Payne, holding a small bag of biscuits as a thank-you."},{"term":"corridor","meaning":"pasillo","sentence":"Emma was making tea when she heard someone carrying boxes along the third-floor corridor."},{"term":"parcel","meaning":"paquete","sentence":"A few minutes later, she opened her door and picked up a parcel from the floor."},{"term":"tenant","meaning":"inquilino/a","sentence":"The flat next door had been empty for weeks, and she wondered whether the new tenant had finally moved in."},{"term":"unpacked","meaning":"desempaquetado","sentence":"Behind him were suitcases, books and several boxes that had not yet been unpacked."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"verbos-frasales","title":"Gave up, found out: verbos con partícula","key":"Un verbo frasal es verbo + partícula (up, off, in…) y su significado cambia: pick up no es «escoger» ni «arriba».","rule":["Algunos son inseparables: move in (instalarse). La partícula va justo detrás.","Otros son separables: pick up a parcel o pick it up. Con un pronombre, va en medio: pick it up, no «pick up it».","El significado hay que aprenderlo entero: drop off = dejar; set up = montar; turn on = encender.","Muchos tienen un equivalente más formal (deliver, install, switch on), pero el frasal es más natural al hablar."],"form":"verbo + partícula · verbo + objeto + partícula (separable)","mistake":{"wrong":"Please turn off it.","correct":"Please turn it off."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/verbos-frasales/","questions":[{"prompt":"The phone is ringing. Please ___.","answer":"pick it up","alternatives":["pick up it","up pick it"],"explanation":"Con pronombre, la partícula va detrás."},{"prompt":"I don’t know this word. I’ll ___ in the dictionary.","answer":"look it up","alternatives":["look up it","look at up it"],"explanation":"Look up = buscar; con it va en medio."}]}]},{"n":26,"type":"lesson","block":"Patrones con verbos y preposiciones","listening":[{"statement":"Jess is worried about the old entries in the ledger.","answer":true,"why":"Las firmas parecían cada vez más temblorosas."},{"statement":"Gina says Elena was famous for her cooking.","answer":false,"why":"Era famosa por tocar una pieza de violín."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/bench-three-b1/","title":"Bench Three","minutes":5,"words":328,"audio":"/assets/audio/bench-three-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"auction","meaning":"subasta","sentence":"After seven days it goes to the auction house,”"},{"term":"bench","meaning":"banco","sentence":"Back at the counter, Jess tried to concentrate on a lost laptop, but something kept pulling her eyes towards the bench opposite."},{"term":"concourse","meaning":"vestíbulo; zona central de la estación","sentence":"Gina, the owner, had run the café on the concourse for more than thirty years."},{"term":"signature","meaning":"firma","sentence":"Marsh had signed the three earlier entries, and each signature looked a little shakier than the one before."},{"term":"unclaimed","meaning":"sin reclamar","sentence":"There’s a rule about unclaimed property, isn’t there?”"},{"term":"violin","meaning":"violín","sentence":""}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"preposiciones-dependientes","title":"Curious about, interested in: adjetivos con preposición","key":"Muchos adjetivos y verbos van siempre con la misma preposición, y no coincide con la del español: worried about, famous for, depends on.","rule":["Adjetivo + preposición: worried about, famous for, interested in, good at, afraid of.","Verbo + preposición: listen to, depend on, wait for, look at, belong to.","Detrás va un nombre o un verbo en -ing: worried about the entries, good at cooking.","Hay que aprender cada par como un bloque, junto con una frase de ejemplo."],"form":"adjetivo + preposición + nombre / -ing","mistake":{"wrong":"I’m interested on art.","correct":"I’m interested in art."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/preposiciones-dependientes/","questions":[{"prompt":"I’m not interested ___ football.","answer":"in","alternatives":["on","for"],"explanation":"Interested in."},{"prompt":"She’s very good ___ painting.","answer":"at","alternatives":["in","with"],"explanation":"Good at + nombre / -ing."}]}]},{"n":27,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar, confirmar y coincidir","listening":[{"statement":"The reviewer thinks the headphones are good value.","answer":true,"why":"Dice que lo son, aunque no son perfectos."},{"statement":"The microphone works well on a busy street.","answer":false,"why":"Recoge demasiado ruido en la calle."}],"story":{"path":"/practica/a-product-review-b1/","title":"A Product Review","minutes":3,"words":189,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-product-review-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"battery","meaning":"batería","sentence":"The sound is clear for music and podcasts, and the battery usually lasts three days between charges."},{"term":"good value","meaning":"buena relación calidad-precio","sentence":"After using them almost every day, I think they are good value, although they are not perfect."},{"term":"overall","meaning":"en conjunto; en general","sentence":"OVERALL: I would recommend these headphones to someone who listens to audio while travelling or studying."},{"term":"picks up","meaning":"capta; recoge","sentence":"The microphone works well in a quiet room but picks up too much noise when I make calls on a busy street."},{"term":"warranty","meaning":"garantía","sentence":"I contacted customer support with a question about the warranty and received a helpful reply the next day."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"although","title":"Although: unir dos ideas que contrastan","key":"Although une dos ideas que contrastan: algo es bueno, aunque tiene un defecto. No se usa but además.","rule":["although + oración completa: Although they are not perfect, they are good value.","Puede ir al principio (con coma) o en medio: They are good value, although they are not perfect.","No se combina con but en la misma frase: «Although it was late, but we stayed» es incorrecto.","though es una versión informal y también puede ir al final: It’s heavy, though."],"form":"Although + oración, oración principal","mistake":{"wrong":"Although it was late, but we stayed.","correct":"Although it was late, we stayed."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/although/","questions":[{"prompt":"___ it was late, we stayed.","answer":"Although","alternatives":["Despite","Because"],"explanation":"Contrasta dos oraciones completas."},{"prompt":"Elige la frase correcta.","answer":"Although she was tired, she kept working.","alternatives":["Although she was tired, but she kept working.","Although tired she, kept working."],"explanation":"Although ya expresa el contraste; no lleva but."}]}]},{"n":28,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar, confirmar y coincidir","listening":[{"statement":"The street is quiet despite being near a supermarket.","answer":true,"why":"También está cerca de una parada de autobús."},{"statement":"Nora refuses the flat because of the heating.","answer":false,"why":"Pide una estimación de las facturas y escribe para alquilarlo."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-new-flat-b1/","title":"The New Flat","minutes":4,"words":271,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-new-flat-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"affordable","meaning":"asequible","sentence":"After two weeks of searching, Nora is beginning to think that finding an affordable flat near her office is impossible."},{"term":"agreement","meaning":"contrato; acuerdo","sentence":"That evening, she writes to say she would like to rent the flat, provided the agreement matches what they discussed."},{"term":"appliances","meaning":"electrodomésticos","sentence":"He tests the taps, checks the kitchen cupboards and asks which appliances are included in the rent."},{"term":"provided","meaning":"siempre que","sentence":"That evening, she writes to say she would like to rent the flat, provided the agreement matches what they discussed."},{"term":"viewing","meaning":"visita a una vivienda","sentence":"Her brother, Leo, offers to accompany her to one last viewing on Saturday."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"despite-because-of","title":"Despite y because of: seguidos de un nombre","key":"Despite y because of van seguidos de un nombre o de un verbo en -ing, no de una oración con sujeto y verbo.","rule":["despite / in spite of = «a pesar de»: Despite its age, the building is clean.","because of = «a causa de»: winter bills might be higher because of the price of electricity.","Detrás va un nombre o -ing: despite the rain, despite being close. No se dice «despite of».","Si quieres usar una oración completa, cambia a although o because: Although it is old…."],"form":"because of / despite + nombre o -ing · because / although + sujeto + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"Despite of the rain, we went out.","correct":"Despite the rain, we went out."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/despite-because-of/","questions":[{"prompt":"We cancelled the picnic ___ the storm.","answer":"because of","alternatives":["because","although"],"explanation":"Because of + nombre."},{"prompt":"___ the traffic, we arrived on time.","answer":"Despite","alternatives":["Although","Despite of"],"explanation":"Despite + nombre."}]}]},{"n":29,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar, confirmar y coincidir","listening":[{"statement":"The phone line was so bad that Irene could hardly hear Joe.","answer":true,"why":"Se oía muy mal."},{"statement":"Irene misses the bus.","answer":false,"why":"El conductor la ve y le abre las puertas."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/where-are-my-keys-b1/","title":"Late Again!","minutes":4,"words":261,"audio":"/assets/audio/where-are-my-keys-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"bunch","meaning":"manojo","sentence":"It was Mr Lee, her neighbour from the second floor, with a bunch of keys in his hand."},{"term":"embarrassed","meaning":"avergonzada; avergonzado","sentence":"Irene laughed, a little embarrassed."},{"term":"grabbed","meaning":"agarró; cogió","sentence":"She grabbed her keys and her bag."},{"term":"hardly","meaning":"apenas","sentence":"It was her friend Joe, but the line was so bad that she could hardly understand him."},{"term":"in circles","meaning":"en círculos","sentence":"She had her bag and her coat on, and she had been walking round the flat in circles for ten minutes."},{"term":"out of breath","meaning":"sin aliento","sentence":"Irene said, out of breath."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"such-so","title":"So… that y such… that: tan… que","key":"So + adjetivo y such a + adjetivo + nombre intensifican; si añades that, expresan una consecuencia.","rule":["so + adjetivo o adverbio: so bad, so fast. The line was so bad that she couldn’t hear.","such a / an + adjetivo + nombre singular: such a silly habit, such a busy morning.","such + adjetivo + plural: such silly habits. so no se usa delante de un nombre.","Con that + oración dices el resultado: so fast that her bag bounced."],"form":"so + adjetivo + that · such a + adjetivo + nombre + that","mistake":{"wrong":"It was so a close competition.","correct":"It was such a close competition."},"path":"/gramatica/b1/such-so/","questions":[{"prompt":"It was ___ a cold night that we stayed in.","answer":"such","alternatives":["so","too"],"explanation":"Such a + adjetivo + nombre."},{"prompt":"She was ___ tired that she fell asleep at once.","answer":"so","alternatives":["such","very"],"explanation":"So + adjetivo + that."}]}]},{"n":30,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar, confirmar y coincidir","listening":[{"statement":"Sofia asks if the quiz night is a friendly place.","answer":true,"why":"Lo pregunta con «isn’t it?»."},{"statement":"Ryan says he has never played before.","answer":false,"why":"Ryan insistió en que fuera; Sofia es quien nunca había ido."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/quiz-night-b1/","title":"Quiz Night at the Centre","minutes":4,"words":274,"audio":"/assets/audio/quiz-night-b1.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"insisted","meaning":"insistió","sentence":"Sofia had never been before, but her colleague Ryan had insisted."},{"term":"lyrics","meaning":"letra (de una canción)","sentence":"The lyrics are in Portuguese.”"},{"term":"quizmaster","meaning":"presentador del concurso","sentence":"The quizmaster played a few seconds of a song."},{"term":"tie-breaker","meaning":"pregunta de desempate","sentence":"It was such a close competition that the quizmaster needed a tie-breaker."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"question-tags","title":"Isn’t it? Preguntas de confirmación","key":"Una question tag convierte una frase en una pregunta corta para buscar acuerdo: si la frase es afirmativa, la tag es negativa, y al revés.","rule":["Frase afirmativa + tag negativa: It’s a friendly place, isn’t it?","Frase negativa + tag afirmativa: You aren’t busy, are you?","La tag repite el auxiliar de la frase: is → isn’t, can → can’t, live → don’t.","Entonación descendente: pides acuerdo. Ascendente: de verdad preguntas."],"form":"Frase afirmativa, auxiliar + n’t + pronombre? · Frase negativa, auxiliar + pronombre?","mistake":{"wrong":"You like tea, are you?","correct":"You like tea, don’t you?"},"path":"/gramatica/b1/question-tags/","questions":[{"prompt":"It’s cold today, ___?","answer":"isn’t it","alternatives":["is it","don’t it"],"explanation":"Afirmativa + tag negativa con el mismo auxiliar."},{"prompt":"You don’t eat meat, ___?","answer":"do you","alternatives":["don’t you","are you"],"explanation":"Negativa + tag afirmativa."}]},{"slug":"so-neither","title":"So do I, neither can I: coincidir con alguien","key":"So + auxiliar + sujeto dice «yo también» (afirmativa); neither + auxiliar + sujeto dice «yo tampoco» (negativa).","rule":["Afirmativa: “I love maps.” “So do I.”","Negativa: “I can’t remember.” “Neither can I.”","El auxiliar repite el de la primera frase: do, am, have, can… y el sujeto va después.","En informal también se oye Me too (sí) y Me neither (no)."],"form":"So + auxiliar + sujeto (afirmativa) · Neither + auxiliar + sujeto (negativa)","mistake":{"wrong":"“I don’t like coffee.” “So do I.”","correct":"“I don’t like coffee.” “Neither do I.”"},"path":"/gramatica/b1/so-neither/","questions":[{"prompt":"“I love pizza.” “___ I.”","answer":"So do","alternatives":["Neither do","So am"],"explanation":"Afirmativa en presente simple: So do I."},{"prompt":"“I don’t like coffee.” “___ I.”","answer":"Neither do","alternatives":["So do","Neither don’t"],"explanation":"Negativa: Neither + auxiliar afirmativo."}]}]}]}