{"level":"B2","total":42,"blocks":["Hipótesis y arrepentimiento","Deducir y valorar el pasado","Tiempos y hábitos del pasado","Hablar del futuro con precisión","Voz pasiva avanzada","Contar lo que se dijo","Relativas y participios","Verbos y estructuras con verbo","Énfasis y orden de palabras","Comparar y elegir","Conectar ideas con precisión"],"sessions":[{"n":1,"type":"lesson","block":"Hipótesis y arrepentimiento","listening":[{"statement":"Iris thinks she would have had nothing to worry about if she had saved her work.","answer":true,"why":"Lo piensa en el primer párrafo, recordando los consejos de su hermano."},{"statement":"The laptop stopped because the battery was broken.","answer":false,"why":"El cable de carga se había soltado del portátil."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-broken-laptop-b2/","title":"The Broken Laptop","minutes":5,"words":389,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-broken-laptop-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"flickered","meaning":"parpadeó","sentence":"After a long minute the screen flickered into life, and her writing program greeted her with a message offering to restore an earlier version of the document."},{"term":"precaution","meaning":"precaución","sentence":"Then she sent a copy to her own email address, a precaution that would have seemed excessive to her an hour before."},{"term":"restore","meaning":"restaurar; recuperar","sentence":"After a long minute the screen flickered into life, and her writing program greeted her with a message offering to restore an earlier version of the document."},{"term":"revive","meaning":"reanimar; hacer volver a funcionar","sentence":"At first she did what most people do and pressed the power button repeatedly, as if persistence alone could revive it."},{"term":"socket","meaning":"enchufe; toma de corriente","sentence":"One end was firmly in the wall socket, but the other had worked itself loose from the laptop, probably when she had shifted her chair an hour earlier."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"tercer-condicional","title":"If I had…: imaginar otro resultado en el pasado","key":"If + had + participio, would have + participio: lo que habría pasado si el pasado hubiera sido distinto.","rule":["Habla de algo que ya no se puede cambiar: Iris no guardó el documento, así que lo perdió. If she had saved it, she would have lost nothing.","La parte con if lleva had + participio; el resultado, would / could / might have + participio.","would have expresa certeza; could have y might have dejan la puerta abierta a otros resultados.","En un registro formal se puede invertir: Had she saved it, she would have lost nothing."],"form":"If + had + participio · would / might / could have + participio","mistake":{"wrong":"If I would have known, I would have called.","correct":"If I had known, I would have called."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/tercer-condicional/","questions":[{"prompt":"If I ___ the message, I would have replied.","answer":"had seen","alternatives":["would have seen","saw"],"explanation":"La parte con if lleva had + participio."},{"prompt":"They ___ the match if the goalkeeper hadn’t been injured.","answer":"would have won","alternatives":["would win","had won"],"explanation":"Resultado imaginado en el pasado: would have + participio."}]}]},{"n":2,"type":"lesson","block":"Hipótesis y arrepentimiento","listening":[{"statement":"Mandy’s sister says she would not have her own studio if she had gone to Berlin.","answer":true,"why":"Es el primer condicional mixto de la conversación."},{"statement":"Mandy accepted the offer in Berlin.","answer":false,"why":"Rechazó el trabajo hace dos años."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-offer-she-turned-down-b2/","title":"Mandy’s Job Offer","minutes":4,"words":298,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-offer-she-turned-down-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"cautious","meaning":"cauteloso; prudente","sentence":"If she hadn’t been so cautious, she would have asked for a month to think instead of answering the same evening."},{"term":"freelancers","meaning":"autónomos; trabajadores independientes","sentence":"She congratulated him and asked whether the company needed freelancers."},{"term":"portfolio","meaning":"portafolio; carpeta de trabajos","sentence":"The reply came within minutes: “Send me your portfolio.”"},{"term":"turned down","meaning":"rechazó","sentence":"Two years ago, Mandy turned down a job offer in Berlin."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"condicionales-mixtos","title":"Condicionales mixtos: pasado y presente combinados","key":"Los condicionales mixtos cruzan el tiempo: una causa del pasado con un efecto de hoy, o un estado de hoy con un efecto en el pasado.","rule":["Pasado → presente: If you had gone to Berlin, you wouldn’t have your own studio today. (had + participio / would + base).","Presente → pasado: If you were really unhappy here, you would have changed something already. (pasado simple / would have + participio).","Pregúntate cuándo está la condición y cuándo el resultado: pasado y presente pueden ir en cualquier orden.","Si los dos son del pasado es el tercer condicional; si los dos son de ahora, el segundo."],"form":"If + had + participio, would + verbo base · If + pasado simple, would have + participio","mistake":{"wrong":"If I had studied medicine, I would have been a doctor now.","correct":"If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/condicionales-mixtos/","questions":[{"prompt":"If I had studied law, I ___ a lawyer now.","answer":"would be","alternatives":["would have been","will be"],"explanation":"La condición es del pasado y el resultado es de hoy: would + base."},{"prompt":"If she weren’t so shy, she ___ you yesterday.","answer":"would have spoken to","alternatives":["would speak to","had spoken to"],"explanation":"La condición es de ahora (weren’t) y el resultado, de ayer: would have + participio."}]}]},{"n":3,"type":"lesson","block":"Hipótesis y arrepentimiento","listening":[{"statement":"Amy wishes she had tried at least one of her old wishes.","answer":true,"why":"Lee su carta de los dieciséis años y lo lamenta."},{"statement":"The letter says to wait until you are ready.","answer":false,"why":"La carta dice lo contrario: no esperar a estar lista."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-letter-to-myself-b2/","title":"A Letter to Myself","minutes":5,"words":340,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-letter-to-myself-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"adopt","meaning":"adoptar","sentence":"Adopt a dog with ridiculous ears."},{"term":"genuine","meaning":"auténtica","sentence":"The confirmation email arrived while she was smiling for the camera, and for the first time all evening, the smile was entirely genuine."},{"term":"hovered","meaning":"se quedó suspendido","sentence":"Her thumb hovered over the button for a long minute."},{"term":"reunion","meaning":"reencuentro (de antiguos alumnos)","sentence":"At the school reunion, twenty years after graduation, Amy had not expected to feel anything but boredom."},{"term":"sealed","meaning":"sellado","sentence":"Then the headteacher rose to announce that each former student would receive a sealed envelope containing a letter they had written to themselves at sixteen."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"wish-if-only","title":"I wish… e If only…: lamentar y desear lo contrario","key":"I wish e If only + un tiempo más atrás expresan lo que desearías que fuera distinto: pasado simple para ahora, had + participio para el pasado.","rule":["Deseo sobre el presente: wish + pasado simple. I wish I didn’t feel so ordinary. (Ahora me siento corriente.)","Arrepentimiento por el pasado: wish + had + participio. I wish I had tried one. (No lo intenté.)","If only dice lo mismo con más emoción: If only somebody had told her!","Para quejarte de lo que otro hace: I wish you would listen. Con be se prefiere were: I wish I were taller."],"form":"wish + pasado simple (presente irreal) · wish + had + participio (pasado irreal) · If only + igual","mistake":{"wrong":"I wish I would have asked more questions.","correct":"I wish I had asked more questions."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/wish-if-only/","questions":[{"prompt":"I wish I ___ more patient. I get angry so easily.","answer":"were","alternatives":["am","would be"],"explanation":"Deseo sobre cómo soy ahora: wish + pasado (were)."},{"prompt":"If only I ___ his number before he left!","answer":"had asked for","alternatives":["asked for","would have asked for"],"explanation":"Arrepentimiento por el pasado: had + participio."}]}]},{"n":4,"type":"lesson","block":"Hipótesis y arrepentimiento","listening":[{"statement":"Tommy thinks it is high time he repaid Gwen for her help.","answer":true,"why":"Ella lo había ayudado con su mudanza."},{"statement":"Gwen asks Tommy to bring more soup that evening.","answer":false,"why":"Él promete llevarle más al día siguiente."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/soup-for-a-friend-b2/","title":"Soup for Gwen","minutes":4,"words":292,"audio":"/assets/audio/soup-for-a-friend-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"insisted","meaning":"insistió","sentence":"she insisted."},{"term":"laid up","meaning":"en cama; enferma","sentence":"When Tommy heard on Saturday morning that Gwen had been laid up with a fever since Thursday, he decided against sending the usual “get well soon”"},{"term":"repay","meaning":"devolver el favor","sentence":""},{"term":"simmer","meaning":"cocer a fuego lento","sentence":"Back in the kitchen, he chopped the vegetables, covered them with some water and let them simmer while he stripped what was left of the chicken."},{"term":"stairwell","meaning":"hueco de la escalera","sentence":"Within the hour, the whole stairwell smelled of Sunday lunch."},{"term":"stripped","meaning":"deshuesó; separó","sentence":"Back in the kitchen, he chopped the vegetables, covered them with some water and let them simmer while he stripped what was left of the chicken."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"would-rather-its-time","title":"I’d rather you… e It’s high time…: preferencias y urgencias","key":"Would rather dice lo que prefieres; it’s (high) time dice que ya es hora. Con otra persona, el verbo va en pasado simple.","rule":["Tu preferencia: would rather + base. He would rather do something useful.","Preferencia sobre lo que haga otro: would rather + sujeto + pasado simple. I’d rather you didn’t cook.","Urgencia: It’s (high) time + sujeto + pasado simple. It’s time you went back to bed.","Ese pasado no habla de ayer: marca distancia con la realidad, como en un condicional."],"form":"would rather + sujeto + pasado simple · It’s (high) time + sujeto + pasado simple","mistake":{"wrong":"I’d rather you to call me.","correct":"I’d rather you called me."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/would-rather-its-time/","questions":[{"prompt":"I’d rather you ___ me before you come.","answer":"called","alternatives":["call","to call"],"explanation":"Con otro sujeto, would rather lleva pasado simple."},{"prompt":"It’s about time we ___ the old sofa.","answer":"replaced","alternatives":["replace","will replace"],"explanation":"It’s time + sujeto + pasado simple."}]}]},{"n":5,"type":"lesson","block":"Hipótesis y arrepentimiento","listening":[{"statement":"Nina looks at the bag as if its contents might change.","answer":true,"why":"Se da cuenta de que no es su mochila."},{"statement":"Leo had stolen Nina’s backpack.","answer":false,"why":"Nina cogió por error la mochila de Leo."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-wrong-backpack-b2/","title":"The Wrong Backpack","minutes":5,"words":342,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-wrong-backpack-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"conscience","meaning":"conciencia","sentence":"They both laughed at how easily two ordinary blue backpacks could cause such a fuss, and Nina walked back to class a little late but with a lighter conscience."},{"term":"dangling","meaning":"colgando","sentence":"Her own backpack had a yellow key ring dangling from the zip; this one had none."},{"term":"fuss","meaning":"jaleo; alboroto","sentence":"They both laughed at how easily two ordinary blue backpacks could cause such a fuss, and Nina walked back to class a little late but with a lighter conscience."},{"term":"inspection","meaning":"inspección; examen","sentence":"For a moment she simply stared at it, as if the contents might change on closer inspection."},{"term":"visibly","meaning":"visiblemente","sentence":"Leo straightened up, visibly relieved."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"as-if-as-though","title":"As if y as though: «como si»","key":"As if y as though comparan lo que ves con algo que parece, se imagina o ocurrió antes; el tiempo verbal se echa un paso atrás.","rule":["Son sinónimos: as if es más frecuente; as though suena algo más formal.","Si algo es irreal o dudoso, va pasado: She stared at it as if the contents might change.","Si hablas de algo anterior, va had + participio: as if nothing had happened.","Si es muy posible o real, puede ir presente: He looks as if he is ill (y lo parece de verdad)."],"form":"as if + sujeto + verbo · as though + sujeto + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"She looked as if she sees a ghost.","correct":"She looked as if she had seen a ghost."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/as-if-as-though/","questions":[{"prompt":"She talks about Paris as if she ___ there for years.","answer":"had lived","alternatives":["lives","would live"],"explanation":"Algo anterior e irreal: had + participio."},{"prompt":"He behaves as though he ___ the boss.","answer":"were","alternatives":["is being","would be"],"explanation":"Irreal ahora: pasado (were)."}]}]},{"n":6,"type":"lesson","block":"Deducir y valorar el pasado","listening":[{"statement":"Owen thinks someone in the building must have been watching him.","answer":true,"why":"Lo deduce por las cajas verdes."},{"statement":"The cook turns out to be his boss.","answer":false,"why":"Era la señora Ray, la limpiadora."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-mystery-lunch-b2/","title":"The Mystery Lunch","minutes":5,"words":365,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-mystery-lunch-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"determined","meaning":"decidido","sentence":"By Wednesday Owen was determined to find the cook."},{"term":"faintly","meaning":"levemente","sentence":"Yet Dana smiled faintly as she said it, and she looked down at her keyboard a fraction too quickly."},{"term":"glanced","meaning":"echó un vistazo","sentence":"Owen glanced round the office, but nobody seemed to be paying him the slightest attention, which only made the whole thing stranger."},{"term":"obeyed","meaning":"obedeció","sentence":"For once he obeyed, and it struck him that he had not sat still over a meal for months."},{"term":"proper lunch","meaning":"comida de verdad","sentence":"Owen worked in a small office on the third floor, and he was always so busy that he never had a proper lunch."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"modales-perfectos-deduccion","title":"Must have done: deducir lo que pasó","key":"Must have, might have y can’t / couldn’t have + participio sirven para deducir lo que pasó a partir de pistas.","rule":["must have + participio: casi seguro que ocurrió. Someone must have left it.","might / may / could have + participio: era posible. It might have been Dana.","can’t / couldn’t have + participio: casi seguro que no ocurrió. It couldn’t have been his boss.","No se usa para decidir qué hacer, sino para suponer: sale de lo que ves, no de lo que quieres."],"form":"must have + participio · might have + participio · can’t have + participio","mistake":{"wrong":"The shop assistant must took the wrong packet.","correct":"The shop assistant must have taken the wrong packet."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/modales-perfectos-deduccion/","questions":[{"prompt":"The ground is wet. It ___ during the night.","answer":"must have rained","alternatives":["must rain","should have rained"],"explanation":"Deducción casi segura sobre el pasado: must have + participio."},{"prompt":"He left at six, so he ___ the call at seven.","answer":"can’t have taken","alternatives":["mustn’t have taken","couldn’t take"],"explanation":"Casi seguro que no: can’t have + participio."}]}]},{"n":7,"type":"lesson","block":"Deducir y valorar el pasado","listening":[{"statement":"Beth admits that she should have saved a copy.","answer":true,"why":"Lo dice cuando aparece el archivo."},{"statement":"The report was deleted for good.","answer":false,"why":"Estaba en otro archivo con un nombre confuso."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-missing-report-b2/","title":"The Missing File","minutes":4,"words":249,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-missing-report-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"intern","meaning":"becario","sentence":"Then it might have been the new intern."},{"term":"panicked","meaning":"entró en pánico","sentence":"We needn’t have panicked, but I’m glad we started looking before ten.”"},{"term":"recycle bin","meaning":"papelera de reciclaje","sentence":"She checked the recycle bin, the backup and the email thread, but there was no trace of it."},{"term":"shrugged","meaning":"se encogió de hombros","sentence":"Paul shrugged."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"modales-pasado-critica","title":"Should have, could have, needn’t have: valorar lo que pasó","key":"Should have reprocha o lamenta lo que no se hizo; could have dice que era posible; needn’t have dice que no hacía falta.","rule":["should have + participio: lo correcto era hacerlo y no se hizo. I should have saved a copy.","could have + participio: tenías la posibilidad, aunque no la usaste. She could have shouted.","needn’t have + participio: lo hiciste, pero no era necesario. We needn’t have panicked.","Todas se escriben con have, nunca con of, aunque suenen igual: should’ve."],"form":"Sujeto + should / could / needn’t + have + participio","mistake":{"wrong":"I should of saved a copy.","correct":"I should have saved a copy."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/modales-pasado-critica/","questions":[{"prompt":"I’m sorry I shouted. I ___ calmer.","answer":"should have been","alternatives":["should be","must have been"],"explanation":"Reproche a uno mismo por el pasado: should have + participio."},{"prompt":"You ___ so much food. We only had three guests.","answer":"needn’t have cooked","alternatives":["mustn’t have cooked","couldn’t cook"],"explanation":"No era necesario: needn’t have + participio."}]}]},{"n":8,"type":"lesson","block":"Tiempos y hábitos del pasado","listening":[{"statement":"The brothers had been walking for three hours when the fog came.","answer":true,"why":"Lo cuenta el primer párrafo."},{"statement":"They use the map to reach the hut.","answer":false,"why":"Llegan siguiendo el sonido de una campana."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-hut-in-the-fog-b2/","title":"The Hut in the Fog","minutes":5,"words":303,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-hut-in-the-fog-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"consulting","meaning":"consultando","sentence":"Beth had been consulting the map for an hour, but it was useless in the grey."},{"term":"hike","meaning":"excursión a pie","sentence":"Beth and her brother Ted had planned a short hike in the mountains."},{"term":"landmark","meaning":"punto de referencia","sentence":"By two o’clock, however, when they had been walking for three hours, a thick fog had swallowed the path and every landmark along with it, until the whole mountainside was a blank grey wall."},{"term":"loomed","meaning":"surgió; se alzó","sentence":"They followed it until a small wooden hut loomed out of the mist."},{"term":"summits","meaning":"cumbres","sentence":"Hundreds of walkers had written in it: thanks, dates, sketches of summits."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"pasado-perfecto-continuo","title":"Had been planning: una acción larga antes de otra","key":"Had been + verbo en -ing cuenta una acción que venía durando hasta un momento del pasado.","rule":["Se forma con had been + -ing: they had been walking, she had been consulting.","Suele llevar for (duración) o since (inicio): for three hours, since nine.","Pone el foco en la actividad y en su duración; el pasado perfecto simple se fija en el resultado.","Explica la situación de entonces: her legs were sore because she had been walking all day."],"form":"had been + verbo en -ing · for / since + tiempo","mistake":{"wrong":"They had been plan the trip for weeks.","correct":"They had been planning the trip for weeks."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/pasado-perfecto-continuo/","questions":[{"prompt":"When I arrived, they ___ for two hours.","answer":"had been waiting","alternatives":["were waiting","had waiting"],"explanation":"Acción que duraba hasta mi llegada: had been + -ing."},{"prompt":"Her hands were dirty because she ___ in the garden.","answer":"had been digging","alternatives":["has been digging","was digged"],"explanation":"Actividad anterior que explica algo en el pasado."}]}]},{"n":9,"type":"lesson","block":"Tiempos y hábitos del pasado","listening":[{"statement":"Owen is not used to public transport.","answer":true,"why":"En su casa conduce a todas partes."},{"statement":"The woman takes his card and pays for him.","answer":false,"why":"Le enseña dónde apoyarla en el lector."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-kind-stranger-b2/","title":"The Kind Stranger","minutes":5,"words":370,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-kind-stranger-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"exposed","meaning":"expuesto; en evidencia","sentence":"A moment earlier he had felt exposed and awkward, but the woman had helped him without making him feel foolish, which, he thought, was the part that really mattered."},{"term":"followed suit","meaning":"hizo lo mismo; siguió el ejemplo","sentence":"When the tram arrived, Owen followed suit."},{"term":"scarcely","meaning":"apenas","sentence":"Owen was spending the weekend in a city he scarcely knew."},{"term":"shift","meaning":"moverse; removerse","sentence":"Behind him, a few passengers began to shift impatiently and slip past, and he felt the familiar heat of embarrassment rising in his face."},{"term":"take offence","meaning":"ofenderse","sentence":"said a woman behind him, in a tone so kind that it was impossible to take offence."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"be-used-to","title":"Be used to y get used to: estar acostumbrado y acostumbrarse","key":"Be used to + -ing o nombre significa «estar acostumbrado»; get used to es «acostumbrarse»; used to + base es «solía» y es otra cosa.","rule":["be used to + nombre o -ing: ya estás acostumbrado. He wasn’t used to public transport.","get used to + nombre o -ing: te estás acostumbrando. He would have got used to the system.","used to + verbo base: algo que hacías antes. He used to drive everywhere.","En las dos primeras, to es una preposición: por eso detrás va -ing, no el infinitivo."],"form":"be used to + nombre / -ing · get used to + nombre / -ing · used to + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"I’m used to get up early.","correct":"I’m used to getting up early."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/be-used-to/","questions":[{"prompt":"I’m not used to ___ on the left. It feels strange.","answer":"driving","alternatives":["drive","drove"],"explanation":"Be used to + -ing."},{"prompt":"She ___ eat meat, but now she is vegetarian.","answer":"used to","alternatives":["is used to","gets used to"],"explanation":"Hábito pasado que ya no existe: used to + base."}]}]},{"n":10,"type":"lesson","block":"Tiempos y hábitos del pasado","listening":[{"statement":"Leo is certain that the bus will leave without him.","answer":true,"why":"Se quedó dormido y corre a la parada."},{"statement":"Mrs Park says that uniform is compulsory.","answer":false,"why":"Dice que no hace falta uniforme esa vez."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-school-trip-b2/","title":"The School Trip","minutes":4,"words":270,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-school-trip-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"arrangements","meaning":"preparativos","sentence":"On the afternoon before the school trip, Mrs Park gathered Leo’s class to go over the arrangements."},{"term":"breathless","meaning":"sin aliento","sentence":"The next morning he overslept and had to sprint to the bus stop, certain that the bus would leave without him, arriving breathless as the doors were about to close."},{"term":"insist","meaning":"insistir","sentence":"said Mrs Park, “but I do insist on comfortable shoes, because we’ll be on our feet all day.”"},{"term":"nursery","meaning":"guardería","sentence":"I get to spend the day at nursery.”"},{"term":"overslept","meaning":"se quedó dormido","sentence":"The next morning he overslept and had to sprint to the bus stop, certain that the bus would leave without him, arriving breathless as the doors were about to close."},{"term":"whisper","meaning":"susurrar","sentence":"she said, “but you certainly don’t have to whisper.”"}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"futuro-en-el-pasado","title":"Would: lo que iba a pasar","key":"Would + base (o was / were going to) mira hacia delante desde un momento del pasado: lo que entonces era el futuro.","rule":["Después de un verbo en pasado (knew, hoped, promised), el futuro se dice con would: he knew the bus would leave.","was / were going to + base dice lo mismo con más sensación de plan: it was going to be a good day.","No es un futuro de verdad: a quien lo cuenta, lo anterior ya le parece pasado.","Con would se puede hablar de lo que ocurrió después o de lo que nunca ocurrió."],"form":"would + verbo base · was / were going to + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"Julia knew Tom will be home in ten minutes.","correct":"Julia knew Tom would be home in ten minutes."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/futuro-en-el-pasado/","questions":[{"prompt":"Julia knew Tom ___ home in ten minutes.","answer":"would be","alternatives":["will be","is being"],"explanation":"Desde un momento del pasado, el futuro se dice would + base."},{"prompt":"He promised he ___ me the next day.","answer":"would call","alternatives":["will call","calls"],"explanation":"Promesa contada en pasado: would + base."}]}]},{"n":11,"type":"lesson","block":"Tiempos y hábitos del pasado","listening":[{"statement":"Evan is on the point of putting the note back.","answer":true,"why":"Cambia de idea al ver el sello del club de lectura."},{"statement":"Evan has joined many school clubs.","answer":false,"why":"Nunca se había apuntado a ninguno."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-secret-note-b2/","title":"The Secret Note","minutes":5,"words":368,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-secret-note-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"prank","meaning":"broma; travesura","sentence":"The words made the note seem less like a prank and more like an invitation that had been delivered, whether by chance or on purpose, to the wrong person."},{"term":"purpose","meaning":"propósito; intención","sentence":"The words made the note seem less like a prank and more like an invitation that had been delivered, whether by chance or on purpose, to the wrong person."},{"term":"recommendations","meaning":"recomendaciones","sentence":"The group met weekly to swap recommendations, she added, and everybody was welcome to come back."},{"term":"swap","meaning":"intercambiar","sentence":"The group met weekly to swap recommendations, she added, and everybody was welcome to come back."},{"term":"tucked","meaning":"metió; guardó","sentence":"He tucked it under his arm and set off between the shelves, trying to look as though he was just passing."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"on-the-point-of","title":"Was on the point of: a punto de","key":"Was on the point of + -ing y was about to + base dicen que algo estaba a punto de ocurrir cuando otra cosa lo interrumpió.","rule":["was on the point of + -ing: He was on the point of slipping the note back.","was about to + base: Evan was about to apologise.","Casi siempre aparece con when: la acción se corta por otra: …when he noticed a tiny stamp.","on the point of es algo más formal; about to es lo habitual al hablar."],"form":"was on the point of + -ing · was about to + verbo base","mistake":{"wrong":"He was on the point of to slip it back.","correct":"He was on the point of slipping it back."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/on-the-point-of/","questions":[{"prompt":"I was on the point of ___ when she walked in.","answer":"leaving","alternatives":["leave","to leave"],"explanation":"On the point of + -ing."},{"prompt":"We were about to ___ the door when the lights went out.","answer":"lock","alternatives":["locking","locked"],"explanation":"About to + base."}]}]},{"n":12,"type":"lesson","block":"Hablar del futuro con precisión","listening":[{"statement":"Tommy says he will be flying to Boston this time next week.","answer":true,"why":"Se lo cuenta a su hermana en un correo."},{"statement":"He plans to leave Lisbon for good next year.","answer":false,"why":"Quiere dar presentaciones en portugués dentro de un año."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-new-life-in-lisbon-b2/","title":"A New Life in Lisbon","minutes":4,"words":242,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-new-life-in-lisbon-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"looked forward to","meaning":"esperaba con ilusión","sentence":"Now he looked forward to them."},{"term":"rattled","meaning":"traqueteó","sentence":"Outside, a tram rattled up the hill."},{"term":"rhythm","meaning":"ritmo","sentence":"His new colleagues were friendly, and slowly he was getting used to the rhythm of the office."},{"term":"steep","meaning":"empinado","sentence":"He had been working long hours, and he had been climbing the steep streets of the old town every day."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"futuro-continuo","title":"Will be doing: algo que estará en marcha","key":"Will be + -ing describe lo que estará ocurriendo en un momento futuro concreto.","rule":["Se forma con will be + -ing: I’ll be flying, she’ll be working.","Suele ir con un momento: this time next week, at nine tomorrow, by next year.","Sirve para planes ya organizados: Will you be using the car tonight? (pregunta educada).","No habla de una decisión espontánea (eso es will): habla de una actividad en curso entonces."],"form":"Sujeto + will be + verbo en -ing","mistake":{"wrong":"This time next week I’ll be fly to Boston.","correct":"This time next week I’ll be flying to Boston."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/futuro-continuo/","questions":[{"prompt":"This time next week I ___ in the sun.","answer":"will be lying","alternatives":["will lie","am lying"],"explanation":"Acción en curso en un momento futuro: will be + -ing."},{"prompt":"Don’t call at eight. We ___ dinner then.","answer":"will be having","alternatives":["will have","are have"],"explanation":"Estaremos en medio de algo: will be + -ing."}]}]},{"n":13,"type":"lesson","block":"Hablar del futuro con precisión","listening":[{"statement":"The project update says the migration will have been checked by the end of November.","answer":true,"why":"Es uno de los plazos del correo."},{"statement":"The pilot finished ahead of schedule.","answer":false,"why":"Terminó con una semana de retraso."}],"story":{"path":"/practica/a-project-update-email-b2/","title":"A Project Update","minutes":3,"words":186,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-project-update-email-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"behind schedule","meaning":"con retraso","sentence":"Subject: Project Atlas – status update and decisions needed\nHi all,\nThe pilot phase has been completed one week behind schedule, mainly because the data migration took longer than anticipated."},{"term":"circulate","meaning":"difundir; hacer circular","sentence":"By Wednesday evening I will have read them all, and I will circulate the final decision on Thursday morning."},{"term":"migration","meaning":"migración","sentence":"Subject: Project Atlas – status update and decisions needed\nHi all,\nThe pilot phase has been completed one week behind schedule, mainly because the data migration took longer than anticipated."},{"term":"postpone","meaning":"aplazar","sentence":"Three decisions are needed by Wednesday: whether to extend the pilot by a week, whether to add a second tester from the support team, and whether to postpone the launch event until December."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"futuro-perfecto","title":"Will have done: terminado antes de un momento futuro","key":"Will have + participio dice que algo estará terminado antes de un momento futuro.","rule":["Se forma con will have + participio: I will have read them all.","Va con un límite temporal: by Wednesday, by the end of November, by the time you arrive.","También existe en pasiva: the plan will have been sent, the migration will have been checked.","Negativa y pregunta: We won’t have finished by six. / Will you have finished by six?"],"form":"Sujeto + will have + participio","mistake":{"wrong":"By Friday I will have finish the report.","correct":"By Friday I will have finished the report."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/futuro-perfecto/","questions":[{"prompt":"By the end of June, I ___ this course.","answer":"will have completed","alternatives":["will complete","will be completing"],"explanation":"Terminado antes de un límite: will have + participio."},{"prompt":"They ___ the contract by the time we arrive.","answer":"will have signed","alternatives":["will signed","have sign"],"explanation":"Will have + participio."}]}]},{"n":14,"type":"lesson","block":"Voz pasiva avanzada","listening":[{"statement":"The old reading room had been painted by volunteers.","answer":true,"why":"Lo cuenta Eva al volver a la biblioteca."},{"statement":"The children’s corner is already finished.","answer":false,"why":"Todavía no lo han terminado."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-library-has-changed-b2/","title":"A Visit to the Library","minutes":5,"words":339,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-library-has-changed-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"apologetically","meaning":"con tono de disculpa","sentence":"she added, a little apologetically, since her work kept her busy on most other evenings."},{"term":"in stages","meaning":"por fases","sentence":"He showed her a drawing of the new shelves, which were due to arrive the following week, and explained that the work had been planned in stages so that the library could remain open throughout."},{"term":"set aside","meaning":"reservado; apartado","sentence":"It now had comfortable chairs by the windows and a long table where groups could work, and at the back there was a smaller room that had been set aside for silence."},{"term":"set foot in","meaning":"poner un pie en","sentence":"Eva had lived in Brookfield since 2021, yet she had not set foot in the local library for several months."},{"term":"throughout","meaning":"durante todo el tiempo","sentence":"He showed her a drawing of the new shelves, which were due to arrive the following week, and explained that the work had been planned in stages so that the library could remain open throughout."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"pasiva-perfecta","title":"Had been given: pasiva con pasado perfecto","key":"Had been + participio cuenta lo que ya se había hecho antes de otro momento del pasado, sin decir quién lo hizo.","rule":["Se forma con had been + participio: had been painted, had been planned.","Es la pasiva del pasado perfecto: la acción anterior pasa a primer plano y quien la hizo, a segundo.","Si quieres nombrar a quien actuó, añade by: had been painted by local volunteers.","Para algo que continúa hasta hoy, usa has / have been + participio: The room has been painted."],"form":"had been + participio · by + quien lo hizo (opcional)","mistake":{"wrong":"The parcel had delivered before noon.","correct":"The parcel had been delivered before noon."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/pasiva-perfecta/","questions":[{"prompt":"When we arrived, the tickets ___ sold out.","answer":"had been","alternatives":["had","were been"],"explanation":"Pasiva en pasado perfecto: had been + participio."},{"prompt":"The parcel ___ before noon.","answer":"had been delivered","alternatives":["had delivered","was been delivered"],"explanation":"El paquete recibió la acción: had been + participio."}]}]},{"n":15,"type":"lesson","block":"Voz pasiva avanzada","listening":[{"statement":"Workshop B has been moved to Room 5.","answer":true,"why":"Lo indica el programa de la conferencia."},{"statement":"Lunch will be served at noon.","answer":false,"why":"Se servirá a partir de las 13.00."}],"story":{"path":"/practica/a-conference-programme-b2/","title":"A Conference Programme","minutes":3,"words":139,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-conference-programme-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"allocated","meaning":"asignadas; repartidas","sentence":"Workshops are limited to thirty participants and require advance registration; places will be allocated on a first-come, first-served basis."},{"term":"delegates","meaning":"participantes; congresistas","sentence":"Delegates who have not registered will be admitted only if seats remain available."},{"term":"first-come, first-served","meaning":"por orden de llegada","sentence":"Workshops are limited to thirty participants and require advance registration; places will be allocated on a first-come, first-served basis."},{"term":"keynote","meaning":"ponencia principal","sentence":"10.15 Keynote: “Learning to listen in a noisy world”"},{"term":"registration","meaning":"inscripción; registro","sentence":"Annual Language Teaching Conference – Programme\nSaturday 14 June, University Hall\n9.00 Registration and coffee\n9.30 Opening address: Dr Elena Marsh"}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"pasiva-modales-perfecto","title":"La pasiva con modales, perfectos y continuos","key":"La pasiva se combina con cualquier tiempo y modal: se conjuga be (o have been) y el participio no cambia.","rule":["Modal + be + participio: places will be allocated, the roof must be repaired, it should be checked.","Perfecto + been + participio: Workshop B has been moved, the room had been painted.","Continuo: is / was being + participio. The walls were being treated.","Cuando no importa quién actúa (programas, avisos, normas), la pasiva suena natural y formal."],"form":"modal + be + participio · have / had been + participio · is / was being + participio","mistake":{"wrong":"The roof must repair before winter.","correct":"The roof must be repaired before winter."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/pasiva-modales-perfecto/","questions":[{"prompt":"The registration form ___ by Friday.","answer":"must be completed","alternatives":["must complete","must be complete"],"explanation":"Modal + be + participio."},{"prompt":"The speakers ___ about the change yesterday.","answer":"were informed","alternatives":["have informed","were being inform"],"explanation":"Pasiva en pasado: were + participio."}]}]},{"n":16,"type":"lesson","block":"Voz pasiva avanzada","listening":[{"statement":"Mandy decides to repair the lamp at the repair café.","answer":true,"why":"En lugar de comprar una nueva."},{"statement":"She pays a lot for the repair.","answer":false,"why":"El café de reparaciones es gratuito y deja un donativo."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-repair-cafe-b2/","title":"The Repair Café","minutes":6,"words":421,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-repair-cafe-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"donation","meaning":"donación","sentence":"Mandy thanked Jay and slipped a donation into the collection box, though she suspected that it did not reflect what she had received."},{"term":"mend","meaning":"arreglar; remendar","sentence":"On Sunday, therefore, she carried the broken lamp to a repair café at the community centre, where local volunteers helped people mend everything from toasters to torn coats, free of charge."},{"term":"shades","meaning":"tonos; matices","sentence":"A woman was repairing a coat and was desperate for two blue ones, so Mandy offered to help, and the two of them spent a happy quarter of an hour matching shades under the strip light."},{"term":"unhurried","meaning":"sin prisa","sentence":"Jay unplugged it, turned it upside down and examined the wiring with the unhurried attention of someone who has fixed hundreds of similar objects."},{"term":"wiring","meaning":"cableado","sentence":"Jay unplugged it, turned it upside down and examined the wiring with the unhurried attention of someone who has fixed hundreds of similar objects."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"causativo-have-something-done","title":"Have something done: encargar que otro lo haga","key":"Have + objeto + participio dice que alguien hace algo por nosotros: un servicio, un encargo, a veces una desgracia.","rule":["Se forma con have / get + objeto + participio: I had my hair cut, we’re having the roof repaired.","El objeto va entre have y el participio, y el participio no cambia.","have something done = lo hace otra persona. Si lo haces tú, no lleva participio: I repaired it.","También se usa para lo que nos pasa sin quererlo: He had his bag stolen."],"form":"Sujeto + have + objeto + participio","mistake":{"wrong":"We had repaired the roof.","correct":"We had the roof repaired."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/causativo-have-something-done/","questions":[{"prompt":"We’re ___ the windows cleaned tomorrow.","answer":"having","alternatives":["making","doing"],"explanation":"Para encargar un servicio: have + objeto + participio."},{"prompt":"She ___ her passport renewed last week.","answer":"had","alternatives":["did","got it"],"explanation":"Servicio en pasado: had + objeto + participio."}]}]},{"n":17,"type":"lesson","block":"Voz pasiva avanzada","listening":[{"statement":"The house is said to have been built in 1840.","answer":true,"why":"Lo cuenta una vecina."},{"statement":"The letters are thought to date from the Second World War.","answer":false,"why":"Se cree que son de la Primera Guerra Mundial."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-house-on-mill-lane-b2/","title":"The Secret Room","minutes":4,"words":297,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-house-on-mill-lane-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"damp","meaning":"húmedo","sentence":"By June, the kitchen had been painted, the windows had been cleaned and the damp walls were being treated."},{"term":"flour mill","meaning":"molino de harina","sentence":"An elderly woman told them that the building had once been a flour mill."},{"term":"surveyor","meaning":"tasador; perito","sentence":"The surveyor’s report listed twenty-three problems, and three of them had to be dealt with immediately."},{"term":"wiring","meaning":"instalación eléctrica","sentence":"he wrote, “and the wiring should be checked by a qualified electrician.”"}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"pasiva-verbos-reporte","title":"It is said that… e He is believed to…: pasiva con verbos de opinión","key":"Con say, believe, think o know podemos presentar una información como lo que dice la gente: it is said that… o is said to….","rule":["It is said / believed / thought that + oración: it is believed that a secret room was hidden.","Sujeto + is said to + base: The house is said to be haunted.","Sujeto + is said to have + participio: algo anterior. It is said to have been built in 1840.","Es el estilo de las noticias y de las guías: se atribuye la información sin citar a nadie concreto."],"form":"It is said that + oración · Sujeto + is said to + infinitivo · Sujeto + is said to have + participio","mistake":{"wrong":"It is said to have built in 1840.","correct":"It is said to have been built in 1840."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/pasiva-verbos-reporte/","questions":[{"prompt":"The castle ___ to have been built in the twelfth century.","answer":"is believed","alternatives":["believes","is believing"],"explanation":"Pasiva con verbo de opinión: is believed to + infinitivo."},{"prompt":"It ___ that the company will close two shops.","answer":"is reported","alternatives":["reports","is reporting"],"explanation":"It is reported that + oración."}]}]},{"n":18,"type":"lesson","block":"Contar lo que se dijo","listening":[{"statement":"Olivia insists that her grandfather tells her what he remembers.","answer":true,"why":"Antes de escanear la foto para el museo."},{"statement":"The museum has no collection of local pictures.","answer":false,"why":"Está formando una con fotos de familias de la zona."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-day-at-the-museum-b2/","title":"A Day at the Museum","minutes":5,"words":370,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-day-at-the-museum-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"absorption","meaning":"concentración; interés absorto","sentence":"A guide who had noticed their absorption fetched a larger print, in which the street sign was finally legible."},{"term":"brittle","meaning":"quebradizo; frágil","sentence":"Between its brittle pages they found a photograph of him as a boy, standing proudly outside the same blue door."},{"term":"grainy","meaning":"granulada; de grano grueso","sentence":"Olivia had heard countless family stories, yet none of them had ever mentioned this one, and the grainy photograph suddenly felt more alive than anything else in the room."},{"term":"legible","meaning":"legible","sentence":"A guide who had noticed their absorption fetched a larger print, in which the street sign was finally legible."},{"term":"weary","meaning":"cansado; sin ganas","sentence":"He agreed, but with the weary politeness of someone who assumes he is about to be shown a long timeline of dates."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"verbos-de-comunicacion","title":"Insist that, offer to: verbos para contar lo dicho","key":"Cada verbo de comunicación pide su construcción: offer to, insist that, encourage someone to… No basta con traducir «decir».","rule":["verbo + to + base: offer to scan, promise to call, refuse to answer.","verbo + persona + to + base: encourage them to bring, advise her to rest, invite him to join.","verbo + that + oración: insist that he should tell, add that the museum was building, admit that.","verbo + preposición + -ing: insist on paying, apologise for being late, accuse him of lying."],"form":"offer / promise + to + verbo · insist / admit / explain + that + frase","mistake":{"wrong":"She insisted to pay the bill.","correct":"She insisted on paying the bill."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/verbos-de-comunicacion/","questions":[{"prompt":"She refused ___ the money.","answer":"to accept","alternatives":["accepting","that accept"],"explanation":"Refuse + to + base."},{"prompt":"The doctor advised him ___ more water.","answer":"to drink","alternatives":["drinking","that drink"],"explanation":"Advise + persona + to + base."}]}]},{"n":19,"type":"lesson","block":"Contar lo que se dijo","listening":[{"statement":"Paul asks whether the extra sales cover the extra costs.","answer":true,"why":"Eva no lo había calculado."},{"statement":"Eva’s manager rejects the revised plan.","answer":false,"why":"Acepta el plan revisado."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-trial-period-b2/","title":"Open on Thursdays","minutes":5,"words":317,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-trial-period-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"evidence","meaning":"prueba; indicio","sentence":"She also insisted that taking the late shift should remain voluntary; her willingness to do it was not evidence that everyone else would feel the same."},{"term":"otherwise","meaning":"de otro modo","sentence":"More awkwardly, some regular customers appeared to be buying on Thursday what they would otherwise have bought on Saturday."},{"term":"profit","meaning":"beneficio económico","sentence":"The evening opening still brought in a small profit, although considerably less than Eva had expected."},{"term":"shift","meaning":"turno de trabajo","sentence":"Rather than changing everyone’s hours permanently, she offered to work the late shift herself while they collected figures."},{"term":"trial","meaning":"periodo de prueba","sentence":"When Eva proposed keeping the bookshop open for two extra hours on Thursdays, her manager agreed to a four-week trial."},{"term":"worthwhile","meaning":"que merece la pena","sentence":"As Paul put it afterwards, she had stopped trying to win the argument and started finding out what would make the idea worthwhile."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"whether-indirecta","title":"Wonder whether: preguntas de sí o no dentro de una frase","key":"Whether (o if) introduce una pregunta de sí o no dentro de otra frase, con el orden de una oración normal.","rule":["Se usa tras verbos como ask, wonder, know, doubt, decide: asked whether the extra sales covered the costs.","El orden es sujeto + verbo, sin do ni inversión: whether she was disappointed, no «whether was she».","if puede sustituir a whether, pero tras preposición o antes de or not se prefiere whether.","No lleva signo de interrogación cuando la frase principal es afirmativa."],"form":"wonder / ask / know + whether / if + sujeto + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"Ben wondered whether had the building been two houses.","correct":"Ben wondered whether the building had been two houses."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/whether-indirecta/","questions":[{"prompt":"She asked me ___ I wanted to join the group.","answer":"whether","alternatives":["that","what"],"explanation":"Pregunta de sí o no indirecta: whether (o if)."},{"prompt":"I wonder ___ the shop is open on Sundays.","answer":"whether","alternatives":["is whether","that if"],"explanation":"Whether + oración normal."}]}]},{"n":20,"type":"lesson","block":"Contar lo que se dijo","listening":[{"statement":"A journalist asks how many families will be affected.","answer":true,"why":"La directora responde que unos doscientos empleados."},{"statement":"Helen Bryant refuses to meet the union.","answer":false,"why":"Acepta reunirse con el sindicato la semana siguiente."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-press-conference-b2/","title":"Bad News at Harlow Foods","minutes":4,"words":260,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-press-conference-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"plant","meaning":"planta; fábrica","sentence":"Bryant answered that about two hundred employees worked at the plant and that the company would offer transfers to the two remaining sites."},{"term":"postponing","meaning":"aplazando","sentence":"He urged the board to reconsider and suggested postponing the closure until a joint study was completed."},{"term":"transfers","meaning":"traslados","sentence":"Bryant answered that about two hundred employees worked at the plant and that the company would offer transfers to the two remaining sites."},{"term":"workforce","meaning":"plantilla; fuerza laboral","sentence":"The union representative, Mark Doyle, stood up and accused the management of ignoring the workforce’s warnings."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"estilo-indirecto-preguntas","title":"Preguntas con wh- y órdenes en estilo indirecto","key":"Para contar una pregunta con wh-, el orden es el de una frase normal; para contar una orden, tell / ask + persona + (not) to + base.","rule":["Pregunta con wh-: asked her how many families would be affected. Sujeto + verbo, sin do.","Los tiempos retroceden: would por will, worked por work, had been chosen por was chosen.","Orden o petición: told the journalists not to expect, asked them to respect.","La negación va con not delante de to: told them not to wait."],"form":"asked + whether / how… + sujeto + verbo · told / asked + persona + (not) to + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"She asked me where did I live.","correct":"She asked me where I lived."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/estilo-indirecto-preguntas/","questions":[{"prompt":"“Where do you work?” → She asked me where I ___.","answer":"worked","alternatives":["do work","work does"],"explanation":"Orden de frase normal y retroceso de tiempo."},{"prompt":"“Don’t open the window!” → He told me ___ the window.","answer":"not to open","alternatives":["don’t open","to not opening"],"explanation":"Orden negativa indirecta: not to + base."}]}]},{"n":21,"type":"lesson","block":"Relativas y participios","listening":[{"statement":"Noah draws buildings in a black notebook.","answer":true,"why":"Los dibuja en su cuaderno negro."},{"statement":"The notebook was stolen.","answer":false,"why":"Se cayó entre el cojín y el marco de la silla."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-small-cafe-b2/","title":"The Black Notebook","minutes":5,"words":353,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-small-cafe-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"barista","meaning":"persona que prepara café","sentence":"The café was quiet enough for him to concentrate, and over the months the barista, to whom he had never said more than a few words, had learnt his order, and his habits, without ever mentioning either."},{"term":"compartment","meaning":"compartimento","sentence":"Before leaving again, he put the notebook in the main compartment of his bag and fastened the zip."},{"term":"leafed through","meaning":"hojeó","sentence":"Noah thanked her several times and leafed through the pages to be sure that nothing had been damaged."},{"term":"lining","meaning":"forro","sentence":"His hand met only the lining."},{"term":"wedged","meaning":"encajado; atascado","sentence":"Then the barista moved the chair away from the wall and noticed a black corner wedged between the cushion and the wooden frame."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"relativas-con-preposicion","title":"In which y to whom: relativas con preposición","key":"La preposición puede ir delante de which o whom: the notebook in which he drew. Es más formal que dejarla al final.","rule":["preposición + which para cosas: the café at which he sat, the notebook in which he drew.","preposición + whom para personas: the barista to whom he had never spoken.","Después de la preposición no se puede usar that ni who: «the notebook in that» es un error.","En lo coloquial la preposición va al final: the notebook he drew in."],"form":"preposición + which (cosas) · preposición + whom (personas)","mistake":{"wrong":"The folder in that I keep my notes is blue.","correct":"The folder in which I keep my notes is blue."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/relativas-con-preposicion/","questions":[{"prompt":"That’s the person ___ I spoke on the phone.","answer":"to whom","alternatives":["to which","who to"],"explanation":"Persona + preposición + whom."},{"prompt":"The folder ___ I keep my notes is blue.","answer":"in which","alternatives":["in that","which in"],"explanation":"Cosa + preposición + which."}]}]},{"n":22,"type":"lesson","block":"Relativas y participios","listening":[{"statement":"The owner of the bookshop opens it only on Wednesdays.","answer":true,"why":"Nadie recuerda su nombre."},{"statement":"Ava finds the atlas immediately.","answer":false,"why":"Tarda veinte minutos en encontrarlo."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-bookshop-on-fernside-road-b2/","title":"The Bookshop on Fernside Road","minutes":4,"words":268,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-bookshop-on-fernside-road-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"handwritten","meaning":"escrito a mano","sentence":"A shelf by the gate held a dozen novels and a handwritten note: Take one."},{"term":"paperback","meaning":"libro de bolsillo; tapa blanda","sentence":"She chose a thin paperback and left a postcard from her university in its place as a thank-you."},{"term":"thesis","meaning":"tesis","sentence":"One Wednesday in November, Ava, a student whose thesis was already late, went in looking for an old atlas."},{"term":"wedged","meaning":"encajado; atascado","sentence":"Having searched the shelves for twenty minutes, Ava found the atlas wedged between two cookery books."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"relativas-whose","title":"Whose y most of whom: relativas con más precisión","key":"Whose indica posesión («cuyo / cuya»); most / some / all of whom añade una cantidad dentro de un grupo.","rule":["whose + nombre: a man whose name nobody could remember. Sirve para personas, a veces para cosas.","No lleva artículo ni otro posesivo: whose name, no «whose the name» ni «whose his name».","Cantidad + of whom (personas) o of which (cosas): Customers, most of whom were regulars,….","Las dos estructuras añaden información y se escriben entre comas."],"form":"Nombre + whose + nombre · Nombre, + most / some / none + of whom / of which","mistake":{"wrong":"The man whose his car was stolen called the police.","correct":"The man whose car was stolen called the police."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/relativas-whose/","questions":[{"prompt":"The woman ___ car was stolen called the police.","answer":"whose","alternatives":["who","which"],"explanation":"Posesión: whose + nombre."},{"prompt":"There were forty guests, ___ were friends of the bride.","answer":"most of whom","alternatives":["most of them whom","whose most"],"explanation":"Cantidad + of whom."}]}]},{"n":23,"type":"lesson","block":"Relativas y participios","listening":[{"statement":"Dean turns up with his umbrella turned inside out.","answer":true,"why":"Llega empapado y a toda prisa."},{"statement":"Amy is pleased because Dean is on time.","answer":false,"why":"Amy está molesta con su hermano por llegar tarde."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/running-late-b2/","title":"Running Late","minutes":4,"words":284,"audio":"/assets/audio/running-late-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"barrier","meaning":"barrera; torniquete","sentence":"She stood at the station entrance with two tickets in her hand, checking the clock above the barrier every few seconds and wondering, not for the first time, why her brother treated punctuality as a suggestion."},{"term":"drenched","meaning":"empapado","sentence":"They scrambled aboard a second before the doors slid shut, and Dean collapsed into a seat, drenched and triumphant, announcing that next time he would simply set two alarms."},{"term":"guard","meaning":"empleado del tren","sentence":"She walked onto the platform just as passengers began to board and a guard raised his arm towards the doors."},{"term":"inside out","meaning":"del revés","sentence":"Dean gasped, skidding to a halt, his umbrella turned inside out and water running off his nose."},{"term":"platform","meaning":"andén","sentence":"She walked onto the platform just as passengers began to board and a guard raised his arm towards the doors."},{"term":"scrambled","meaning":"subieron a toda prisa","sentence":"They scrambled aboard a second before the doors slid shut, and Dean collapsed into a seat, drenched and triumphant, announcing that next time he would simply set two alarms."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"oraciones-participio","title":"Having searched…: oraciones de participio","key":"Una oración de participio abrevia una oración con dos acciones: el participio da la acción de fondo y la frase principal, la importante.","rule":["-ing para dos acciones casi simultáneas: Scanning the street, she spotted him.","Having + participio para una acción anterior: Having reminded him twice, she felt entitled to be annoyed.","Participio pasado para lo que recibe la acción: The paper, written in tiny capitals, listed seven addresses.","El sujeto del participio debe ser el mismo que el de la frase principal: «Walking down the street, the rain started» es incorrecto."],"form":"-ing / Having + participio, sujeto + verbo · Nombre, + participio pasado, + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"Walking down the street, the rain started.","correct":"Walking down the street, I felt the first drops of rain."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/oraciones-participio/","questions":[{"prompt":"___ the news, she called her sister at once.","answer":"Hearing","alternatives":["Heard","Having hearing"],"explanation":"Dos acciones casi simultáneas: -ing."},{"prompt":"___ the form, he gave it to the clerk.","answer":"Having signed","alternatives":["Signing","Signed having"],"explanation":"Acción anterior: having + participio."}]}]},{"n":24,"type":"lesson","block":"Verbos y estructuras con verbo","listening":[{"statement":"Rosa presses the wrong button twice before finding the right one.","answer":true,"why":"Es el botón del volumen."},{"statement":"Rosa uses the tablet at once without help.","answer":false,"why":"Lleva semanas con la tableta en un cajón."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-video-call-with-grandma-b2/","title":"A Video Call with Grandma","minutes":5,"words":371,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-video-call-with-grandma-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"bracing","meaning":"preparándose para lo peor","sentence":"The picture sprang to life, and Lucas, who had been bracing himself for a much longer search, laughed with relief."},{"term":"gadget","meaning":"aparato; dispositivo","sentence":"The most advanced gadget she had ever owned was a basic mobile phone, and the idea of pressing the wrong button and breaking something expensive made her uneasy."},{"term":"obstacle","meaning":"obstáculo","sentence":"What had started out as an awkward obstacle had become a family habit."},{"term":"propped","meaning":"apoyó; colocó en pie","sentence":"Before saying goodbye, Rosa copied the steps onto a card in large letters and propped it against the tablet, as though it were a recipe she did not intend to forget."},{"term":"squinting","meaning":"entornando los ojos","sentence":"After a minute of squinting, she discovered a small sticker covering the camera."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"gerundio-tras-preposicion","title":"Before finding, without looking: preposición + -ing","key":"Después de una preposición, el verbo siempre va en -ing: before finding, without asking, by pressing.","rule":["Preposición + -ing: before leaving, after eating, without looking, instead of waiting.","Con by se explica cómo: He fixed it by pressing the button.","Si el sujeto es el mismo, no hace falta repetirlo; si es distinto, se añade: before she left.","La preposición ya es negativa en without: se dice without asking, no «without not asking»."],"form":"preposición + verbo en -ing","mistake":{"wrong":"She pressed the wrong one twice before to find the right one.","correct":"She pressed the wrong one twice before finding the right one."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/gerundio-tras-preposicion/","questions":[{"prompt":"She left without ___ goodbye.","answer":"saying","alternatives":["to say","say"],"explanation":"Preposición + -ing."},{"prompt":"Think carefully before ___ the contract.","answer":"signing","alternatives":["sign","to sign"],"explanation":"Before + -ing."}]}]},{"n":25,"type":"lesson","block":"Verbos y estructuras con verbo","listening":[{"statement":"Daniel remembers to bring his laptop but forgets to book a desk.","answer":true,"why":"Su primer día en la oficina."},{"statement":"Daniel prefers working in the cafeteria.","answer":false,"why":"Es demasiado ruidosa."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/office-or-home-b2/","title":"Daniel’s Idea","minutes":5,"words":308,"audio":"/assets/audio/office-or-home-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"compromise","meaning":"solución intermedia; acuerdo","sentence":"Daniel proposed a compromise."},{"term":"open-plan","meaning":"de planta abierta","sentence":"According to the results, a majority of employees appeared to be less productive in the open-plan office, although the managers insisted that the figures didn’t tell the whole story."},{"term":"survey","meaning":"encuesta","sentence":"The company’s survey seemed to confirm his worries."},{"term":"trial","meaning":"periodo de prueba","sentence":"The idea was not accepted at once; nevertheless, the director agreed to a three-month trial."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"gerundio-infinitivo-significado","title":"Remember to / remember -ing: cuando cambia el significado","key":"Con remember, forget, stop, try y regret, el significado cambia según vaya to + verbo o -ing.","rule":["remember / forget + to + verbo: la tarea que había que hacer. He remembered to bring his laptop.","remember / forget + -ing: el recuerdo de algo ya hecho. I remember locking the door.","try to = esforzarse; try -ing = probar a ver qué pasa. He tried working in the café.","stop to = parar para hacer algo; stop -ing = dejar de hacerlo. I stopped drinking coffee."],"form":"remember / forget / stop + to + verbo · remember / try / stop / regret + -ing","mistake":{"wrong":"I remember to lock the door; I’m sure I did it.","correct":"I remember locking the door; I’m sure I did it."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/gerundio-infinitivo-significado/","questions":[{"prompt":"Don’t forget ___ the lights when you leave.","answer":"to turn off","alternatives":["turning off","turn off"],"explanation":"Una tarea pendiente: forget + to + verbo."},{"prompt":"I remember ___ him at the station years ago.","answer":"meeting","alternatives":["to meet","meet"],"explanation":"Recuerdo de algo que ocurrió: remember + -ing."}]}]},{"n":26,"type":"lesson","block":"Verbos y estructuras con verbo","listening":[{"statement":"Everything seemed to be in order before Mitch’s interview.","answer":true,"why":"Pero el micrófono no funcionaba."},{"statement":"Mitch shouts and keeps going without checking anything.","answer":false,"why":"Escribe en el chat y revisa la configuración."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-job-interview-b2/","title":"The Job Interview","minutes":5,"words":341,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-job-interview-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"built-in","meaning":"integrado","sentence":"The meeting software appeared to have switched to the laptop’s built-in microphone, which was turned off, instead of his headset."},{"term":"incident","meaning":"incidente","sentence":"When she later asked how he dealt with unexpected problems, Mitch gave a genuine example from his last job and referred briefly to the microphone incident."},{"term":"instinct","meaning":"instinto","sentence":"He explained that his first instinct was to communicate clearly and calmly before searching for a solution."},{"term":"put off","meaning":"molesta; desanimada","sentence":"The interviewer replied at once that this was fine, and her tone made it clear that she was not at all put off."},{"term":"rehearsed","meaning":"ensayada","sentence":"Mitch began his carefully rehearsed introduction, but within a few words she shook her head."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"seem-to","title":"Seemed to know: parecer + infinitivo","key":"Seem y appear + to dicen cómo parecen las cosas, sin afirmar que lo sean.","rule":["seem / appear + to + base: Everything appeared to be in order.","seem / appear + to have + participio, para algo anterior: The software appeared to have switched.","Con seem también se usa el adjetivo: She seems tired, pero She seems to be tired.","Para opinar con cautela: The results seem to confirm his worries."],"form":"seem / appear + to + verbo base · seem to have + participio","mistake":{"wrong":"Everybody seemed know what to do.","correct":"Everybody seemed to know what to do."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/seem-to/","questions":[{"prompt":"He ___ to understand the problem.","answer":"seems","alternatives":["seem","is seeming"],"explanation":"Seem lleva -s en tercera persona del singular."},{"prompt":"The printer ___ to have stopped working.","answer":"appears","alternatives":["appear","appearing"],"explanation":"Appears + to have + participio."}]}]},{"n":27,"type":"lesson","block":"Verbos y estructuras con verbo","listening":[{"statement":"It took Paula a moment to work out which way she was facing.","answer":true,"why":"Estaba delante de un plano del parque."},{"statement":"She asks a stranger for directions.","answer":false,"why":"Sigue el sonido de una fuente."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-walk-in-the-park-b2/","title":"A Walk in the Park","minutes":5,"words":382,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-walk-in-the-park-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"forked","meaning":"se bifurcaba","sentence":"She walked a little farther, only to reach a spot where the path forked three ways with nothing to suggest which branch to follow."},{"term":"landmarks","meaning":"puntos de referencia","sentence":"The park plan beside a bench was clear enough, but it took her a moment to work out which way she was facing, a task that always seems simpler on paper than in a leafy place without landmarks."},{"term":"registering","meaning":"darse cuenta; reparar en","sentence":"On one particular afternoon, however, she noticed a narrow path she had passed a hundred times without registering it, half hidden behind a large tree."},{"term":"retraced","meaning":"volvió sobre sus pasos","sentence":"Instead she retraced her steps to a signpost she had noticed earlier."},{"term":"strayed","meaning":"se había desviado","sentence":"In the end she had hardly strayed from where she began; it had taken a single afternoon to turn an unknown path into a familiar one."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"it-took-time","title":"It took her a moment to…: cuánto se tarda","key":"It takes / took + persona + tiempo + to + verbo dice cuánto se tarda en hacer algo.","rule":["Estructura: It took her a moment to work out which way she was facing.","La persona va entre took y el tiempo (opcional): It took five minutes to reach the fountain.","El tiempo puede ser a moment, a minute, barely five minutes, ages, a single afternoon.","Para preguntar: How long did it take you to get there?"],"form":"It took + persona + tiempo + to + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"Took her a moment to work out the map.","correct":"It took her a moment to work out the map."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/it-took-time/","questions":[{"prompt":"___ her a moment to find the right page.","answer":"It took","alternatives":["Took","She took"],"explanation":"Hace falta it como sujeto."},{"prompt":"It will take us two hours ___ there.","answer":"to get","alternatives":["getting","get"],"explanation":"It takes + tiempo + to + base."}]}]},{"n":28,"type":"lesson","block":"Énfasis y orden de palabras","listening":[{"statement":"Lena finds an envelope only when she lowers her eyes.","answer":true,"why":"Estaba pegado debajo del reloj."},{"statement":"Lena wakes her mother to show her the photograph.","answer":false,"why":"Deja la foto en la mesa de la cocina para la mañana."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-message-at-midnight-b2/","title":"Look Under the Clock","minutes":5,"words":347,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-message-at-midnight-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"confined","meaning":"limitaba; restringía","sentence":"It was past midnight, and the sender was her aunt, who never wrote at that hour and who normally confined her contact to a long call on Sunday afternoons."},{"term":"floorboard","meaning":"tabla del suelo","sentence":"She put on her slippers and crossed the flat on tiptoe, avoiding the one floorboard that always creaked."},{"term":"half-light","meaning":"penumbra","sentence":"Lena smiled in the half-light."},{"term":"looping","meaning":"de letra redondeada, con lazos","sentence":"Only when she lowered her eyes did she notice a white envelope taped just beneath it, her name written across the front in her aunt’s looping handwriting."},{"term":"tiptoe","meaning":"de puntillas","sentence":"She put on her slippers and crossed the flat on tiptoe, avoiding the one floorboard that always creaked."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"inversion-only-then","title":"Only then did…: invertir para dar énfasis","key":"Con Only then, Only when, Not until o Never al principio, el auxiliar va antes del sujeto: Only then did she notice.","rule":["Adverbio restrictivo + auxiliar + sujeto + verbo: Only then did she understand.","Si no hay auxiliar, se añade do / does / did: She noticed → Only then did she notice.","Con Never y Not until: Never had she seen such a photograph, Not until midnight did she sleep.","Es un recurso literario o formal para dar énfasis; en la conversación se usa poco."],"form":"Only then + auxiliar + sujeto + verbo · Never + had + sujeto + participio","mistake":{"wrong":"Only then Olivia worked out the answer.","correct":"Only then did Olivia work out the answer."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/inversion-only-then/","questions":[{"prompt":"Only then ___ the truth.","answer":"did she understand","alternatives":["she understood","she did understand"],"explanation":"Adverbio restrictivo + auxiliar + sujeto."},{"prompt":"Never ___ such a strange message.","answer":"had she received","alternatives":["she had received","she received"],"explanation":"Never + had + sujeto + participio."}]}]},{"n":29,"type":"lesson","block":"Énfasis y orden de palabras","listening":[{"statement":"Beth and Leo disagree about the location and about the prices.","answer":true,"why":"Lo dice el primer párrafo."},{"statement":"They sign the lease that evening.","answer":false,"why":"Comparan las cifras con una hoja de cálculo y eligen el local pequeño."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-question-of-trust-b2/","title":"The Bakery Plan","minutes":4,"words":258,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-question-of-trust-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"discount","meaning":"descuento","sentence":"It was the owner of the main-road shop, who offered a three-month discount."},{"term":"lease","meaning":"contrato de alquiler","sentence":"She and her friend Leo had been planning to open a bakery for two years, and now, with the lease ready to sign, they disagreed about almost everything."},{"term":"main road","meaning":"calle principal","sentence":"They had two options: a large shop on the main road and a smaller one near the university."},{"term":"spreadsheet","meaning":"hoja de cálculo","sentence":"They spent the evening with a spreadsheet."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"inversion-hardly-not-only","title":"Had just…when y never: matices de una narración","key":"Had just … when y Not only did… subrayan lo seguidas que fueron las acciones o lo mucho que se suma una cosa a otra.","rule":["had just + participio + when + pasado simple: una acción recién terminada cuando ocurre otra. She had just finished speaking when the phone rang.","had never + participio: una experiencia anterior que no se había vivido. Beth had never felt so uncertain.","Versión formal con inversión: Hardly had she finished speaking when the phone rang.","Not only did they want…, but they also…: tras Not only el auxiliar va antes del sujeto."],"form":"Sujeto + had just / had never + participio · when + pasado simple","mistake":{"wrong":"She had just finish speaking when the phone rang.","correct":"She had just finished speaking when the phone rang."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/inversion-hardly-not-only/","questions":[{"prompt":"She had just ___ speaking when the phone rang.","answer":"finished","alternatives":["finish","finishing"],"explanation":"Had just + participio."},{"prompt":"Hardly ___ the room when the alarm sounded.","answer":"had she entered","alternatives":["she had entered","did she enter"],"explanation":"Hardly + had + sujeto + participio."}]}]},{"n":30,"type":"lesson","block":"Énfasis y orden de palabras","listening":[{"statement":"It was Isabel who found the café above the beach.","answer":true,"why":"Tenía mesas protegidas por un cristal."},{"statement":"They go swimming in the end.","answer":false,"why":"Nunca llegan a bañarse por el viento."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-trip-to-the-beach-b2/","title":"A Windy Day at the Beach","minutes":5,"words":354,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-trip-to-the-beach-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"flawless","meaning":"impecable; sin una nube","sentence":"By the time they stepped onto the sand, the sky was a flawless blue but the sea was restless and grey-green."},{"term":"gust","meaning":"ráfaga","sentence":"Isabel tried to spread the towel while Laura held down one corner, and the instant they let go, a gust folded it over like a page."},{"term":"sheltered","meaning":"resguardado","sentence":"It was Isabel who spotted the small café on the path above the beach, its outdoor tables sheltered by a long glass wall."},{"term":"spray","meaning":"rociada; espuma de las olas","sentence":"Sand found its way onto Laura’s sandwich and into the spine of her book, and a thin, steady spray made it impossible to keep anything dry."},{"term":"upright","meaning":"derecho; en posición vertical","sentence":"Later they watched a family struggle to keep an umbrella upright, and it was Laura who laughed so loudly that she had to put her book down."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"hendidas-it-was","title":"It was… who: poner el foco en una persona","key":"It was + lo que destacas + who / that + verbo pone el foco en quién o qué hizo algo.","rule":["Persona: It was Isabel who spotted the café. (No Laura, no el camarero: Isabel.)","Cosa, lugar o tiempo: It was the wind that ruined the day. / It was on Saturday that we went.","Quita el foco de lo demás: sirve para corregir, contrastar o dar relieve.","who para personas; that vale para todo. El verbo concuerda con lo destacado: It was the children who were laughing."],"form":"It was + foco + who / that + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"Was Isabel who spotted the café.","correct":"It was Isabel who spotted the café."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/hendidas-it-was/","questions":[{"prompt":"It was my brother ___ told me the news.","answer":"who","alternatives":["which","what"],"explanation":"Persona destacada: it was + persona + who."},{"prompt":"It ___ the noise that woke us up.","answer":"was","alternatives":["were","is being"],"explanation":"It + was + lo destacado."}]}]},{"n":31,"type":"lesson","block":"Énfasis y orden de palabras","listening":[{"statement":"What Lena valued most was how the doctor explained things.","answer":true,"why":"No tanto el veredicto."},{"statement":"The doctor tells Lena to stop working for a week.","answer":false,"why":"Le recomienda descansar y beber, no dejar el trabajo."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/a-doctors-appointment-b2/","title":"A Doctor’s Appointment","minutes":5,"words":365,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-doctors-appointment-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"conceded","meaning":"admitió; reconoció","sentence":"For days she had told herself that it would pass; eventually she conceded that waiting indefinitely was not a plan, and she phoned her local health centre."},{"term":"dismissive","meaning":"desdeñoso; que resta importancia","sentence":"Her conclusion was reassuring but not dismissive: the symptoms appeared mild, though Lena should pay attention if anything changed."},{"term":"hydrated","meaning":"hidratado","sentence":"They went through what Lena could do at home, mainly resting and keeping herself hydrated, and the doctor spelled out which developments would justify seeking help sooner."},{"term":"stubborn","meaning":"terco; persistente","sentence":"The cough was mild but stubborn, she was neither feverish nor unable to eat, and yet talking for hours at work had begun to leave her exhausted by mid-afternoon."},{"term":"uncertainty","meaning":"incertidumbre","sentence":"What it had changed was the quality of her uncertainty."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"what-hendida","title":"What… was: dar relieve a lo que importa","key":"What + sujeto + verbo + was / is + lo destacado: pone el foco en lo que importa, dejándolo para el final.","rule":["Estructura: What Lena valued most was the way it was delivered.","La parte con what es un sujeto largo: lo destacado va después de was / is.","Se usa mucho con not … but … para contrastar: What she wanted was not a miracle but a clear picture.","Con una acción, el verbo destacado va en infinitivo o -ing: All she did was check the facts."],"form":"What + sujeto + verbo + was / is + lo destacado","mistake":{"wrong":"What I need it is a quiet room.","correct":"What I need is a quiet room."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/what-hendida/","questions":[{"prompt":"What I need ___ a quiet place to think.","answer":"is","alternatives":["are","it is"],"explanation":"What + sujeto + verbo + is."},{"prompt":"___ surprised everyone was his calm.","answer":"What","alternatives":["That","It"],"explanation":"What introduce la parte destacada."}]}]},{"n":32,"type":"lesson","block":"Comparar y elegir","listening":[{"statement":"The longer Amy waited, the more she doubted the seeds.","answer":true,"why":"No veía ningún brote."},{"statement":"Luke tells her to move the pot into the shade.","answer":false,"why":"Le aconseja ponerla en un sitio con más sol."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-balcony-garden-b2/","title":"Amy’s First Tomatoes","minutes":6,"words":415,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-balcony-garden-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"circumstances","meaning":"circunstancias","sentence":"Amy had always wanted a garden, though nothing in her circumstances suggested that she would ever have one."},{"term":"compost","meaning":"abono; compost","sentence":"Her balcony, however, caught the sun all afternoon, and one Saturday that fact proved difficult to ignore: she came home from the garden shop with a large pot, a bag of compost and a packet of tomato seeds."},{"term":"drowned","meaning":"ahogó (con exceso de agua)","sentence":"The longer she waited, the more convinced she became that she had buried the seeds too deeply, or perhaps drowned them, and the thought of failing at something so modest was oddly discouraging."},{"term":"inspector","meaning":"inspector","sentence":"He came out in his slippers, looked at the pot with the seriousness of an inspector and then burst into a broad smile."},{"term":"syllabus","meaning":"programa de estudios","sentence":"Amy noted all of this on her phone, feeling like a student who had finally been given the syllabus."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"the-more-the-more","title":"The more…, the more…: cuanto más, más","key":"The + comparativo, the + comparativo: dos cosas que cambian a la vez; «cuanto más… más…».","rule":["Las dos partes empiezan por the + comparativo: the longer she waited, the more convinced she became.","Adjetivos cortos: the older, the wiser; largos: the more interesting, the more….","Entre las dos partes hay coma; el sujeto y el verbo siguen al comparativo.","En frases cortas se puede omitir el verbo: The sooner, the better."],"form":"The + comparativo + sujeto + verbo · the + comparativo + sujeto + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"The more I practise, more I improve.","correct":"The more I practise, the more I improve."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/the-more-the-more/","questions":[{"prompt":"The more you practise, ___ you improve.","answer":"the more","alternatives":["more","the most"],"explanation":"Segundo the + comparativo."},{"prompt":"___ she waited, the more nervous she felt.","answer":"The longer","alternatives":["Longest","The more long"],"explanation":"The + comparativo corto (-er)."}]}]},{"n":33,"type":"lesson","block":"Comparar y elegir","listening":[{"statement":"The second-hand bike is nowhere near as smart as the new one.","answer":true,"why":"Pero funciona bien y es mucho más barata."},{"statement":"Carla pays the asking price of 120 euros.","answer":false,"why":"Consigue una rebaja y paga 110."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-second-hand-bike-b2/","title":"The Second-Hand Bike","minutes":5,"words":353,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-second-hand-bike-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"candour","meaning":"franqueza","sentence":"Mr Dunn admitted that he had mostly used it at weekends, and Carla found his candour more reassuring than any guarantee."},{"term":"conceal","meaning":"ocultar","sentence":"She hesitated, because she knew that cheap offers sometimes conceal expensive problems, but curiosity prevailed and she sent him a message that same night."},{"term":"harassed","meaning":"agobiada; estresada","sentence":"The bus to her office was slow, the fares kept creeping up and the idea of arriving without feeling harassed had a growing appeal."},{"term":"prevailed","meaning":"se impuso; prevaleció","sentence":"She hesitated, because she knew that cheap offers sometimes conceal expensive problems, but curiosity prevailed and she sent him a message that same night."},{"term":"upgrade","meaning":"mejorar; cambiar por uno mejor","sentence":"The bike was by no means perfect, and she knew she might upgrade it one day."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"comparativos-matizados","title":"Far cheaper, not as… as: comparaciones con matices","key":"Se puede reforzar o atenuar una comparación: far cheaper than, not nearly as heavy as, twice as fast as.","rule":["Para reforzar: far / much / considerably + comparativo + than: far cheaper than the new bike.","Para atenuar: slightly / a bit / a little + comparativo: slightly older than.","Igualdad y desigualdad: as … as, not as … as, nowhere near as … as.","Múltiplos: twice as fast as, three times as expensive as."],"form":"far / much + comparativo + than · not as + adjetivo + as · twice as + adjetivo + as","mistake":{"wrong":"This laptop is very cheaper than that one.","correct":"This laptop is much cheaper than that one."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/comparativos-matizados/","questions":[{"prompt":"This route is ___ shorter than the old one.","answer":"much","alternatives":["very","more"],"explanation":"Much / far refuerzan un comparativo."},{"prompt":"The new phone isn’t ___ good as the old one.","answer":"as","alternatives":["so than","more"],"explanation":"Not as + adjetivo + as."}]}]},{"n":34,"type":"lesson","block":"Comparar y elegir","listening":[{"statement":"Neither Clara nor Amy speaks for a second on the phone.","answer":true,"why":"Se dan cuenta del malentendido."},{"statement":"Both restaurants were on the same street.","answer":false,"why":"Estaban en calles distintas."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/dinner-with-a-friend-b2/","title":"Which Larry’s?","minutes":5,"words":355,"audio":"/assets/audio/dinner-with-a-friend-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"certainty","meaning":"certeza","sentence":"Clara felt a small, cold certainty settle in her stomach, because she had not read the address on the confirmation again after booking it."},{"term":"mix-up","meaning":"confusión; error","sentence":"Either of them could have blamed the other, but neither did; by the time the food arrived, both agreed that the mix-up had become the funniest part of the evening, and the story was already shaping itself into one they would tell for years."},{"term":"punctual","meaning":"puntual","sentence":"That was unusual: she was normally scrupulously punctual, and she had sounded genuinely excited about the evening."},{"term":"scrupulously","meaning":"escrupulosamente","sentence":"That was unusual: she was normally scrupulously punctual, and she had sounded genuinely excited about the evening."},{"term":"unpretentious","meaning":"sencillo; sin pretensiones","sentence":"The restaurant was small and unpretentious, with red signs outside and a long menu of pasta dishes that she read twice while she waited."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"both-either-neither","title":"Both, either, neither: dos opciones","key":"Con dos personas o cosas: both = las dos, either = una cualquiera de las dos, neither = ninguna de las dos.","rule":["both + plural: They both began to laugh. / Both of them agreed.","either + singular: Either of them could have blamed the other.","neither + singular, con sentido negativo: Neither of them spoke. No añadas otra negación.","Pares con conjunción: both … and, either … or, neither … nor."],"form":"both + plural · either / neither + singular · both … and · either … or · neither … nor","mistake":{"wrong":"I don’t like neither of them.","correct":"I like neither of them. / I don’t like either of them."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/both-either-neither/","questions":[{"prompt":"___ of them was angry; they simply laughed.","answer":"Neither","alternatives":["Both","Either not"],"explanation":"Ninguna de las dos: neither + singular."},{"prompt":"I don’t like ___ of the two options.","answer":"either","alternatives":["neither","both"],"explanation":"Negación + either."}]}]},{"n":35,"type":"lesson","block":"Comparar y elegir","listening":[{"statement":"Working alone made Jane anxious rather than prepared.","answer":true,"why":"Por eso pide ayuda a sus compañeros."},{"statement":"They study only by reading silently.","answer":false,"why":"Dibujan y se explican las cosas."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-study-group-b2/","title":"Pizza and Fractions","minutes":5,"words":339,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-study-group-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"diagram","meaning":"diagrama; esquema","sentence":"Ben suggested picturing a pizza cut into eight slices, and Mia turned the idea into a large, careful diagram."},{"term":"dread","meaning":"temer; sentir pavor ante","sentence":"Working alone was making her anxious rather than prepared, and she had begun to dread the sight of her own handwriting."},{"term":"lost the thread","meaning":"perder el hilo","sentence":"The method was slower, but it revealed exactly where each of them had lost the thread, and several errors that Jane had made for weeks vanished within minutes."},{"term":"reasoning","meaning":"razonamiento","sentence":"Whenever somebody made a mistake, the others asked for the reasoning behind the answer rather than correcting it straight away."},{"term":"shade","meaning":"tono; matiz","sentence":"Ben worked quickly and silently, while Mia kept redrawing her notes in different colours, as if the right shade of green might turn out to be the answer."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"rather-than","title":"Rather than: esto en vez de aquello","key":"Rather than contrapone dos cosas del mismo tipo: eliges una en vez de otra.","rule":["Las dos partes tienen la misma forma: anxious rather than prepared, to walk rather than take the bus.","Con verbos: rather than + base o -ing, según lo que preceda: the others asked for the reasoning rather than correcting it.","Al principio de la frase, va con base: Rather than complain, he asked for help.","No lleva than después si ya hay un comparativo: rather than no es more than."],"form":"rather than + misma forma que la primera opción","mistake":{"wrong":"I prefer to call rather than to sending a message.","correct":"I prefer to call rather than send a message."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/rather-than/","questions":[{"prompt":"She decided to write ___ than call.","answer":"rather","alternatives":["more","instead"],"explanation":"Rather than."},{"prompt":"He felt tired ___ than ill.","answer":"rather","alternatives":["quite","such"],"explanation":"Rather than contrapone los dos adjetivos."}]}]},{"n":36,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar ideas con precisión","listening":[{"statement":"Jamie signs up despite having no experience.","answer":true,"why":"Solo había visto bádminton en televisión."},{"statement":"Jamie wins the first game.","answer":false,"why":"Falla muchos golpes, pero se divierte."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-sports-club-b2/","title":"My First Badminton Game","minutes":5,"words":346,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-sports-club-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"hovering","meaning":"rondando; titubeando","sentence":"Fortunately, a woman named Polly noticed him hovering at the edge of the court and introduced him to two other players who were fairly new themselves."},{"term":"rallies","meaning":"intercambios de golpes","sentence":"Everybody seemed to know exactly what they were doing, and the quick, confident rhythm of the rallies suggested years of practice."},{"term":"shrug","meaning":"encogimiento de hombros","sentence":"She remembered how hard it had been to meet people at first, and she told him, with a shrug, that the club was as much about company as about sport."},{"term":"shuttlecock","meaning":"volante (de bádminton)","sentence":"Jamie kept swinging too hard and missing the shuttlecock altogether."},{"term":"squeak","meaning":"chirrido","sentence":"When he arrived, the squeak of shoes on the sports-hall floor made him wonder whether he had made a mistake."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"despite-the-fact","title":"Despite the fact that: contraste y concesión","key":"Despite the fact that + sujeto + verbo dice «a pesar de que»; despite + nombre o -ing dice «a pesar de».","rule":["despite the fact that + oración completa: despite the fact that his only experience was television.","despite / in spite of + nombre o -ing: despite the noise, despite feeling tired.","No se dice despite of: in spite of lleva of; despite no.","Con although y even though se dice lo mismo, con más naturalidad: although he had hit the floor."],"form":"despite + nombre / -ing · despite the fact that + sujeto + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"Despite of the rain, we walked.","correct":"Despite the rain, we walked."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/despite-the-fact/","questions":[{"prompt":"He bought it ___ the fact that it was expensive.","answer":"despite","alternatives":["although","because of"],"explanation":"Despite the fact that + oración."},{"prompt":"___ being tired, she finished the race.","answer":"Despite","alternatives":["Although","In spite"],"explanation":"Despite + -ing."}]}]},{"n":37,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar ideas con precisión","listening":[{"statement":"The writer asks for half the fare and the taxi fare.","answer":true,"why":"Por el retraso del tren."},{"statement":"The railway company warned passengers at once.","answer":false,"why":"No hubo anuncio hasta pasados cuarenta minutos."}],"story":{"path":"/practica/a-formal-complaint-b2/","title":"A Formal Complaint","minutes":4,"words":220,"audio":"/assets/audio/a-formal-complaint-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"enclose","meaning":"adjuntar","sentence":"I therefore request this refund, together with the taxi fare, for which I enclose the receipt."},{"term":"entitles","meaning":"da derecho a","sentence":"Under your passenger charter, a delay of more than one hour entitles passengers to a refund of half the fare."},{"term":"ombudsman","meaning":"defensor del cliente","sentence":"If I do not hear from you by then, I shall have no alternative but to refer the matter to the rail ombudsman."},{"term":"refund","meaning":"reembolso","sentence":"Under your passenger charter, a delay of more than one hour entitles passengers to a refund of half the fare."},{"term":"stationary","meaning":"parado; inmóvil","sentence":"The train was stationary for over an hour near Darlington, yet no announcement was made until we had already been waiting for forty minutes."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"conectores-contraste-resultado","title":"Nevertheless, whereas, as a result: contraste y consecuencia formales","key":"En escritura formal, whereas, nevertheless y as a result / therefore organizan contraste y consecuencia.","rule":["Contraste entre dos hechos: Whereas + oración, oración. Whereas other operators credit it, your website requires a claim.","Contraste con lo que se esperaba: nevertheless (entre punto y coma o tras punto) + coma.","Consecuencia: As a result, / Consequently, / Therefore + oración.","Se usan al escribir; en lo oral suenan rígidos. No se combinan con but."],"form":"Frase 1. However / Nevertheless / Therefore, frase 2. · Frase 1; nevertheless, frase 2. · Whereas + frase 1, frase 2","mistake":{"wrong":"It was expensive, nevertheless they bought it.","correct":"It was expensive; nevertheless, they bought it."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/conectores-contraste-resultado/","questions":[{"prompt":"The delay was long. ___, I missed my meeting.","answer":"As a result","alternatives":["Whereas","Nevertheless"],"explanation":"Consecuencia: as a result."},{"prompt":"The route is short; ___, it is very steep.","answer":"nevertheless","alternatives":["as a result","consequently"],"explanation":"Contraste con lo esperado: nevertheless."}]}]},{"n":38,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar ideas con precisión","listening":[{"statement":"Ella draws a boat next to the whale so that the scale is obvious.","answer":true,"why":"Para que se vea el tamaño."},{"statement":"Tom finishes the poster alone.","answer":false,"why":"Escribe desde casa y Ella le envía fotos."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-school-project-b2/","title":"The School Project","minutes":5,"words":357,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-school-project-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"division of labour","meaning":"reparto del trabajo","sentence":"The division of labour seemed so natural that neither of them questioned it."},{"term":"flurry","meaning":"ráfaga; avalancha","sentence":"After a flurry of messages, though, they found a way forward."},{"term":"overcrowded","meaning":"sobrecargado; abarrotado","sentence":"By Thursday there was plenty of material, but the poster was overcrowded."},{"term":"scale","meaning":"escala; proporción","sentence":"Tom discovered that an adult blue whale can be longer than a city bus, and Ella decided to draw one next to a small boat so that the scale would be obvious at a glance."},{"term":"trade-off","meaning":"compromiso; equilibrio entre dos cosas","sentence":"The poster was now smaller in content and larger in impact, a trade-off that neither of them had expected to enjoy."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"proposito-so-that","title":"So that: para qué hacemos algo","key":"So that + sujeto + verbo dice para qué se hace algo cuando el sujeto es distinto o el propósito se explica entero.","rule":["Con would / could si hablamos del pasado: so that the scale would be obvious.","Con presente o can si hablamos de ahora: I speak slowly so that you can follow.","Si el sujeto es el mismo, se puede usar to o in order to: She drew a boat to show the scale.","La negación se hace con wouldn’t / couldn’t: so that he wouldn’t forget."],"form":"so that + sujeto + would / could + verbo · in order to + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"He wrote a list for that he wouldn’t forget.","correct":"He wrote a list so that he wouldn’t forget."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/proposito-so-that/","questions":[{"prompt":"She spoke slowly so that we ___ follow.","answer":"could","alternatives":["can’t","will"],"explanation":"Pasado + so that + could."},{"prompt":"He set an alarm ___ he wouldn’t be late.","answer":"so that","alternatives":["for that","in order"],"explanation":"So that + sujeto + would."}]}]},{"n":39,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar ideas con precisión","listening":[{"statement":"Nora will take the flat provided the contract matches what they discussed.","answer":true,"why":"Y si las facturas de calefacción son razonables."},{"statement":"The flat has a washing machine.","answer":false,"why":"No tiene lavadora."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-new-flat-b2/","title":"The New Flat","minutes":5,"words":384,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-new-flat-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"appliances","meaning":"electrodomésticos","sentence":"He tested the taps, opened the kitchen cupboards and asked which appliances were included in the rent."},{"term":"propped up","meaning":"apoyada; recostada","sentence":"She imagined reading there in the evenings instead of propped up on her bed, as she did in her current room."},{"term":"provided","meaning":"siempre que; a condición de que","sentence":"The one thing that held her back was the unknown cost of heating, a worry that seemed small in the sunshine and much larger when she thought about January; she would take the flat, she told herself, provided the bills turned out to be reasonable."},{"term":"recess","meaning":"hueco; nicho","sentence":"Even so, the bedroom received plenty of natural light, and there was a recess by the window where Nora could picture her desk."},{"term":"viewing","meaning":"visita para ver una vivienda","sentence":"When her brother Leo offered to come with her to one final viewing on Saturday, she accepted mainly out of exhaustion."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"provided-condicion","title":"Provided (that): con la condición de que","key":"Provided (that), as long as y on condition that expresan la condición imprescindible; unless expresa la excepción.","rule":["provided (that) + oración: provided the contract matched what had been discussed.","as long as es la versión coloquial: as long as it doesn’t rain.","unless = if … not: unless the bills are too high.","Después de estas expresiones va presente (o pasado en el estilo indirecto), no will."],"form":"provided (that) + sujeto + verbo · unless + sujeto + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"We will go provided it will be sunny.","correct":"We will go provided it is sunny."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/provided-condicion/","questions":[{"prompt":"We’ll sign the contract provided the price ___ the same.","answer":"stays","alternatives":["will stay","would stays"],"explanation":"Tras provided va presente."},{"prompt":"You may come ___ you keep quiet.","answer":"as long as","alternatives":["unless","despite"],"explanation":"Condición necesaria: as long as."}]}]},{"n":40,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar ideas con precisión","listening":[{"statement":"Nora turns her phone face down in case it rings.","answer":true,"why":"Para concentrarse en el informe."},{"statement":"She answers every message as it arrives.","answer":false,"why":"Lo intenta, pero se contiene para terminar el informe."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-busy-monday-b2/","title":"A Busy Monday","minutes":5,"words":360,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-busy-monday-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"partition","meaning":"mampara; separación de la oficina","sentence":"Before she had finished the first one, a colleague leaned over the partition to ask about the ten o’clock meeting, and by the time she had found her notes, her phone was ringing."},{"term":"striking","meaning":"llamativo; notable","sentence":"She had merely stopped letting every notification decide what she would do next, and the difference in how the day felt was striking."},{"term":"uninterrupted","meaning":"sin interrupciones","sentence":"The report was by far the largest task, so she decided to give it one hour of uninterrupted attention."},{"term":"urge","meaning":"impulso; ganas fuertes","sentence":"Twenty minutes later she felt an almost physical urge to check her inbox."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"even-if-in-case","title":"Even if e in case: aunque y por si","key":"Even if dice «aunque» (sin importar la condición); in case dice «por si acaso» (como precaución).","rule":["even if + oración: Everything else, even if it seemed urgent, would have to wait.","in case + oración: She turned her phone face down in case it rang.","Detrás de in case no va will: in case it rains, no «in case it will rain».","even if no dice que la condición sea real, sino que no importa; even though sí habla de un hecho real."],"form":"even if + sujeto + verbo · in case + sujeto + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"I’ll take an umbrella if it will rain.","correct":"I’ll take an umbrella in case it rains."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/even-if-in-case/","questions":[{"prompt":"I’ll take my charger ___ the battery dies.","answer":"in case","alternatives":["even if","despite"],"explanation":"Precaución: in case."},{"prompt":"She’ll finish the report ___ she has to stay late.","answer":"even if","alternatives":["in case","because of"],"explanation":"No importa la dificultad: even if."}]}]},{"n":41,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar ideas con precisión","listening":[{"statement":"Nobody could hear Derek however carefully he had rehearsed.","answer":true,"why":"Su micrófono estaba desactivado."},{"statement":"The teacher criticises his past tenses.","answer":false,"why":"Comenta que fueron claros."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-online-class-b2/","title":"Can You Hear Me?","minutes":5,"words":361,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-online-class-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"attentively","meaning":"con atención","sentence":"The teacher watched him attentively but did not respond."},{"term":"follow-up","meaning":"de seguimiento; posterior","sentence":"However badly the evening had started, it ended well: when he finished, the teacher commented that his past tenses had been clear and asked him a follow-up question."},{"term":"permission","meaning":"permiso","sentence":"Derek opened his browser settings and discovered that the website had never been given permission to use his microphone."},{"term":"scrambling","meaning":"ir con prisas; hacer algo a la carrera","sentence":"Derek joined his online English class a few minutes early, relieved that for once he was not scrambling to find the link."},{"term":"vigorously","meaning":"enérgicamente","sentence":"Four of his classmates nodded vigorously, and the teacher smiled."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"however-adjetivo","title":"However, no matter how y even though: aunque cueste","key":"However + adjetivo y no matter how dicen que por mucho que cueste o se repita, el resultado es el mismo; even though habla de un hecho real.","rule":["however + adjetivo / adverbio + sujeto + verbo: However carefully he had rehearsed, nobody heard him.","no matter how + adjetivo / adverbio / many: no matter how many times he clicked it, nothing changed.","even though + hecho real: even though nobody had laughed. Con una posibilidad usamos even if.","El adjetivo va justo detrás de however: however hard, no «however he tried hard»."],"form":"however + adjetivo / adverbio + sujeto + verbo · no matter how + adjetivo / adverbio · even though + hecho real","mistake":{"wrong":"However hardly he tried, he failed.","correct":"However hard he tried, he failed."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/however-adjetivo/","questions":[{"prompt":"___ hard he tried, he couldn’t fix the microphone.","answer":"However","alternatives":["Although","No matter"],"explanation":"However + adjetivo."},{"prompt":"___ how loud he spoke, nobody heard him.","answer":"No matter","alternatives":["However no","Although"],"explanation":"No matter how + adverbio."}]}]},{"n":42,"type":"lesson","block":"Conectar ideas con precisión","listening":[{"statement":"The fifteenth key is for whichever of them finds a new street.","answer":true,"why":"Es la nota que encuentran al final."},{"statement":"Matt wants to keep all the places secret.","answer":false,"why":"Piensa en venderlo todo, pero duda."}],"story":{"path":"/historias/the-fourteen-keys-b2/","title":"Fourteen Keys","minutes":5,"words":396,"audio":"/assets/audio/the-fourteen-keys-b2.mp3","vocabulary":[{"term":"grateful","meaning":"agradecido","sentence":"Whenever they opened a door, someone was grateful, and nobody knew about the others."},{"term":"hesitate","meaning":"dudar","sentence":"Matt, who had planned to sell everything and split the money, began to hesitate."},{"term":"looping","meaning":"con trazos redondeados","sentence":"What they found instead, in the drawer of the hall table, was a leather pouch containing fourteen keys, each with a paper label in her aunt’s looping handwriting: a street name, but no number."},{"term":"pension","meaning":"pensión (jubilación)","sentence":"Rosalind had been a librarian who lived on a modest pension and had always refused to buy a dishwasher."},{"term":"pouch","meaning":"bolsa pequeña","sentence":"What they found instead, in the drawer of the hall table, was a leather pouch containing fourteen keys, each with a paper label in her aunt’s looping handwriting: a street name, but no number."},{"term":"unlabelled","meaning":"sin etiqueta","sentence":"At the very bottom of the pouch, they found a fifteenth key, unlabelled, and a folded note."}]},"lessons":[{"slug":"whenever-ever","title":"Whenever, whatever, wherever: cada vez que, lo que sea","key":"Las palabras con -ever (whenever, whatever, wherever, whoever, whichever) dicen «cada vez que, lo que sea, donde sea, quien sea».","rule":["whenever = cada vez que: Whenever they opened a door, someone was grateful.","whatever = lo que sea: Whatever they decided, somebody would lose something.","wherever = donde sea; whoever = quien sea; whichever = el que sea de entre varios.","Después va una oración normal: sujeto + verbo, sin repetir la palabra: «whoever he is» ya es una oración completa."],"form":"whenever / whatever / wherever / whoever + sujeto + verbo","mistake":{"wrong":"Every time that somebody made a mistake, we asked why.","correct":"Whenever somebody made a mistake, we asked why."},"path":"/gramatica/b2/whenever-ever/","questions":[{"prompt":"___ I visit my aunt, she gives me a book.","answer":"Whenever","alternatives":["Wherever","Whatever"],"explanation":"Cada vez que: whenever."},{"prompt":"You can choose ___ colour you like.","answer":"whichever","alternatives":["whenever","whoever"],"explanation":"Una opción entre varias: whichever."}]}]}]}